10. Communicating with Clients, including Financial Promotions.

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It is an offence for a person to communicate a financial promotion unless...?
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the person is an authorised firm.
Or the promotion has been approved by an authorised firm.
Communicating financial promotion exclusion example:
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Home purchase plan (Islamic finance).
other:
home reversion plan (Islamic finance), | non-investment insurance contract | qualifying credit.
The purpose of the financial promotion rules is to ensure that promotions are identified...?
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promotions are identified as such.
and that they are fair not misleading.
Principle 6 – a firm must pay due regard to the...
The financial promotion rules are consistent with Principles 6 and 7
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... the interests of its customers and treat them fairly.
FCA's Principles for Businesses (PRIN)
Principle 7 – a firm must pay due regard to the...?
The financial promotion rules are consistent with Principles 6 and 7
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... information needs of its clients
FCA's Principles for Businesses (PRIN)
The FCA can remove financial promotions immediately from the market without ...?
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without FCA’s enforcement process.
Financial promotion FCA’s Enforcement Process essence:
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FCA can require withdrawal of a financial promotion (a ban). Firms MAY CHALLENGE the decision before it is confirmed, amended, or revoked.
Financial promotion, firms should make clear which product and services that involve...
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... a risk of capital loss.
also:
If some activities are not regulated by the FCA, this must be made clear.| Packaged or stakeholder products not produced by the firm must be indicated.
Real-time communication examples:
Promotions, what Methods of communication is it?
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Face-to-face meetings, | telephone conversations.
‘cold calls'
Promotions, what Methods of communication is it?
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unsolicited real time communications.
emails, letters or websites
Promotions, what Methods of communication is it?
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non-real-time communications.
promotions with the specified manner of responding are direct...
Promotions, what Methods of communication is it?
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... direct financial promotion offers.
Anti-Greenwashing rule and guidance came into effect in 2024. They apply to...?
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... to all regulated firms;
when undertaking client communication, marketing. It covers all types of communication.
Anti-Green washing. FCA notes that Sustainability references should be...?
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complete, correct and capable of being substantiated.
Communication exclusion. Article 48 of FPO relates to...?
financial promotion order (FPO).
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high-net-worth individuals
Communication exclusion. Article 50 and 50A of FPO relate to...?
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sophisticated investors
Communications from outside the UK that would qualify for an exemption under the FPO if the overseas office were treated as...?
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as a separate unauthorised person.
(even though it is not)
FPO. Communication is excluded for one-off promotions that are not...
Financial Promotion Order (FPO).
(soliciting communication method)
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... not cold calls.
FPO. Communication is excluded for the Takeover...
Financial Promotion Order
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Takeover Code.
FPO. the exemption for excluded communications does NOT generally apply in relation to...?
(business legal category)
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to UK MiFID business.
In 2023 Treasury published its consultation response to financial promotion exemptions for high net worth individual and sophisticated investors. The changes can be summarised as follows:
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Requiring businesses to provide details of themselves in any communications made using the exemptions.
Updating the title by removing ‘certified’. | Updating the high net worth individual statements. | Applying these changes to collective investment schemes.
The section of the COBS rules which deals with communications to clients, COBS 4, does not apply where the... apply.
(... Rules)
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Prospectus Regulation Rules apply.
PRR 3.3
Prospectus Regulation Rules PRR 3.3 applies to offers of transferable securities in respect of which a prospectus is required under,...?
2 (FSMA sections)
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Section 85 | or 87 FSMA.
Prospectus advertisement must not be issued, unless:
any type of communication (eg, TV, press, email, letter, text and brochure)
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it states that a prospectus has been (or will be) published.
and it is clearly recognisable as an advertisement. | the information is not inaccurate. | it is consistent with the prospectus.
Any written advertisement falling under Prospectus Regulation Rules PRR 3.3 must contain statement that it is not itself a prospectus, but...
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... but an advertisement.
Influencers who promote a financial product without approval from an FCA-authorised firm, could be undertaking a...?
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a criminal offence.
It is an offence for an unauthorised person to communicate a financial promotion, unless the promotion is exempt or...
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or an authorised firm has approved it.
The COBS rules on approval of financial promotions complement requirements under SYSC 3 and SYSC 4. They require a firm which communicates with a client, in relation to designated investment business or financial promotion, to puts in place...
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... systems and controls
in order to comply with the rules on financial promotions.
In 2023, the FCA introduced a ‘gateway’ for firms that wished to be able to approve promotions for third parties. Firms needed a permission from...?
(regulator name)
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... permission from FCA to do so.
Therefore, firms that did not obtain permission will no longer be permitted to approve financial promotions other than their own.
Before a firm approves a financial promotion for communication by an unauthorised person (using the ‘gateway’), it must confirm that it complies with...
(... rules)
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... Financial Promotion rules.
If, later, it becomes aware that it no longer complies, it must withdraw its approval.
Firms may NOT approve __-__ financial promotions,
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real-time
personal visits, telephone conversations or other interactive dialogue.
Firms may NOT approve real-time financial promotions.
Authorised firms are restricted in the promotion of unregulated collective schemes, unless...
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... unless they would have been able to legitimately promote it for themselves.
In relation to non-MiFID business, a firm is not in breach if it communicates a financial promotion that has been produced by another party and takes reasonable care to establish that...
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... another authorised firm has confirmed that the promotion complies with the rules.
also: it communicates it only to the type of recipient that was intended. | As far as it is aware, the promotion is fair, clear and not misleading.
Communicating with Retail Clients. One of the COBS rule is that information is accurate and does not emphasise potential benefits without...
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... without prominent indication of relevant risks
also:
firm’s name, | information is sufficient and likely to be understood. | Information does not disguise, diminish, or obscure important items.
Communicating with Retail Clients. For MiFID business, the data sources for the comparisons must be cited. Details must also be provided regarding...
(simple)
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key facts and assumptions.
Retail clients. In 2020, the FCA implemented temporary rules regarding the promotion of...?
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of speculative illiquid securities
SIS
Retail clients. In 2020, the FCA implemented temporary rules regarding the promotion of speculative illiquid securities, such as...?
2
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of mini-bonds | and preference shares
Specific rules related to risk warnings for financial promotions of high-risk investments. Promotion of what product was BANNED for retail clients?
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Non-Mass Market Investments' (NMMI).
Specific rules related to risk warnings for financial promotions of high-risk investments. Promotion of what product was RESTRICTED for retail clients?
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Restricted Mass Market Investments' (RMMI)
ie, not permitted to non-readily realisable securities and peer-to-peer agreements.
Risk warnings must include statement that...?
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... that investors could lose all of their money invested.
also: Prescribed risk summaries – should take no more than two minutes to read.
Retail clients. What type of incentive is banned?
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ban of monetary or non-monetary benefits (ie, refer a friend or new joiner bonuses).
Retail clients. What is the minimum Cooling off period for financial promotion?
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Minimum 24 hour cooling off period for first time investors.
Retail clients. A risk warning must be p__.
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... personalised
(ie, it must include the client’s name).
Promotions. Retail clients must self-certify they meet the criteria to receive...
(__-__ investments)
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... high-risk investments...
Promotions. Retail clients must provide evidence, why they believe they...
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... meet the relevant criteria.
Promotions for Retail clients. Appropriate TEST - firm must not...
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... coaching investors to pass the test.
Promotions for Retail clients. Firms must display the name of the...?
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... the approver.
Promotions for Retail clients. 'Approvers' must take an active role in ensuring that the promotion remains compliant through...
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... the life of the promotion.
Approvers' must have appropriate levels of competence and expertise. | They must to ensure compliance with appropriateness.
Approvers' must undertake preliminary __ __ before NMMIs are promoted to retail investors.
Non-Mass Market Investments
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... suitability assessments
When the FCA did publish 'final' rules in relation to the financial promotion of Crypto-assets?
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In september 2023
A ‘qualifying crypto-asset’ is any ‘cryptographically’ secured digital representation of value that is transferable and fungible, but does not include crypto-assets which meet the definition of...?
2
zamienny
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of electronic money | or an existing controlled investment.
(ECI)
HM Treasury included qualifying crypto-assets within scope of the financial promotions regime. Provide an activity example: dealing in...
2 (easy)
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... securities and CBIs.
contractually based investments
arranging deals investments, | managing investments, | advising on investments
What is the bespoke exemption in the FPO for crypto-asset businesses registered with the FCA under the Money Laundering Regulation 2017?
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This exemption enables crypto-asset businesses which are not authorised persons, to communicate their own crypto-asset financial promotions.
The promotion is communicated by...
(person)
Four routes to legally promoting cryptoassets to consumers. 1 of 4
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... by an authorised person.
The promotion is made by an unauthorised person but...?
Four routes to legally promoting cryptoassets to consumers. 2 of 4
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... but approved by an authorised person.
The promotion is communicated by a crypto-asset business registered with the FCA under...
(regulations)
Four routes to legally promoting cryptoassets to consumers. 3 of 4
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... under the MLRs in reliance on the exemption of the FPO.
Money Laundering Regulations 2017. | Financial Promotion Order
The promotion is otherwise communicated in compliance with an exemption in...
(statutory instrument - rozpoządzenie)
Four routes to legally promoting cryptoassets to consumers. 4 of 4
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Financial Promotion Order (FPO)
The FCA consulted on the approach that crypto-assets will be classified as...
(product type)
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Restricted Mass Market Investments (RMMI)
meaning that they would be permitted to be mass marketed to UK consumers subject to certain restrictions.
Crypto-assets. Restricted Mass Market Investment. A what warning is required?
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A risk warning.
Crypto-assets. Restricted Mass Market Investment. What incentive is banned?
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an incentive to invest.
Crypto-assets. Restricted Mass Market Investment. Positive friction example:
Positive frictions = regulatory "speed bumps" designed to reduce impulsive investing.
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cooling off period (24 hours)
also:
Direct offer financial promotion rules. | Self-certified sophisticated investor category will not be applied.
Firms must ensure that information including indications of PAST PERFORMANCE is not...
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... not the most prominent feature.
Past performance information. The period provided covers at least the immediately preceding...?
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5 years.
Or the whole period for which the investment has been offered. | In any event, it must show complete 12-month periods.
Past Performance information example:
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currency*
*if other than sterling | currency fluctuation warning
What information must be provided if the Past Performance is cited gross?
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Commissions, fees, tax charges.
When firms give figures based on simulated (notional) past performance because the product or service does not have a track record, a firm must ensure that the simulated past performance figures relate to invest or...?
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... financial INDEX.
And contain a prominent warning that they relate to simulated past performance.
Simulated Performance figures are based on the __ past performance of one or more investments or indices.
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on the actual past performance
Firms must ensure that information containing an indication of the product possible FUTURE PERFORMANCE contains a...?
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a prominent warning
that such forecasts are not reliable indicators of future performance.
Firms must ensure that information containing an indication of the product possible FUTURE PERFORMANCE is based on...?
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... reasonable assumptions supported by objective data.
and not based on simulated past performance. | In case of gross performance - it must disclose the commissions, fees, tax, etc.
Direct offer promotions, for example - in a newspaper or direct mail - likely to be received by a retail client must contain prescribed information about...?
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... the safekeeping of client investments and money.
also about:
about the investment management, costs and charges, nature and risks, taxation. | And third-party guarantee, if relevant.
Direct offer promotions, for example - in a newspaper or direct mail - must contain a statement that...?
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prospectus has been published.
in accordance with the Prospectus Regulation. | Also: statement that the client should seek a personal recommendation if are unsure about decision.
Direct offer promotions, for example - in a newspaper or direct mail - if a designated investment combines two or more investmentsm - it must contain information about...?
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... greater risk than those risks associated with a single component,
A firm must not initiate an UNWRITTEN PROMOTION to a particular person outside its premises, unless the individual does so...?
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does so at an appropriate time of day
identifies themselves and their firm at the outset and makes the reason for the contact clear. | Gives the client a contact point. | Clarification of whether the client would like continu
Cold calling' refers to the practice of authorised persons contacting people without a prior appointment with a view to communicating...?
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financial promotion
Firms must not cold call unless the recipient has an existing client relationship with the firm and would...?
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would envisage or would expect to receive such a call
also: the call relates to a generally marketable packaged product.| It relates to a controlled activity
Firms are not permitted to communicate or approve financial promotions for overseas firms, unless...
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unless the promotion sets out which firm has communicated the promotion.
and:
protection rules. | extent to of UK compensation scheme. | Details of any overseas compensation if any.
ELEMENTS of FCA Consumer Duty are:
3
a regulatory framework
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A consumer principle*. | 3 cross-cutting rules. | Four outcomes.
*good outcomes for retail customers.
3 cross-cutting rules.
3
One of Consumer Duty elements
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Foreseeable harm avoiding. | Customers financial objectives enabling. | Good faith acting towards customers.
FCG
4 OUTCOMES of Consumer Duty are:
4
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Customer understanding. | Customer support. | Product governance. | Price and value.
Appointed Representative can be ___?
Exemptions
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any type of person
(ie, a natural person or any other legal person)

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