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otázka		odpověď
allocation przyznanie, przydział, alokacja začněte se učit		distribution according to a plan
commercialize začněte se učit		to organize sth to make a profit
externalities efekt zewnętrzny začněte se učit		positive or negative consequences of economic activities experienced by other people pozytywne lub negatywne skutki działalności gospodarczej doświadczane przez inne osoby
infrastructure začněte se učit		the basic systems and services that are needed in order to support an economy, for example, transport and communication systems and electricity and water supplies
optimal začněte se učit		best; most likely to bring success or advantage
outcome wynik začněte se učit		the result or effect of an action, situation, etc
unfettered nieskrępowany, swobodny (np. rynek, działalność gospodarcza) začněte se učit		not controlled, limited, or prevented by anyone
income tax začněte se učit		Is a tax dedeted from the wages, salaries, dividends, interest, and other income a person earns throughout the year
wealth tax začněte se učit		the annual tax imposed on people's fortunes
direct tax začněte se učit		is a tax on wages, salaries or on company profit
indirect tax začněte se učit		is a tax paid on property, sales transactions, imports
value-added tax začněte se učit		a tax collected at each stage of production(for good or services)
progressive tax začněte se učit		a tax levied at a higher rate on higher incomes
capital gains tax začněte se učit		tax on the profits made from selling something you own
inheritance tax začněte se učit		a tax paid on money or property you have received from someone who has died. before it called capital transfer tax
tax evasion uchylanie się od płacenia podatków začněte se učit		ways of illegally paying less tax than you should
tax avoidance omijanie przepisów podatkowych w legalny sposób začněte se učit		the reduction, by legal methods, of the amount of tax that a person or company pays
tax haven začněte se učit		a place where people live or invest money so as to pay less tax than they would in other countries
money launderer osoba odpowiedzialna za pranie brudnych pieniędzy začněte se učit		is the illegal process of making large amounts of money generated by criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. to nielegalny proces polegający na pozyskiwaniu dużych sum pieniędzy z działalności przestępczej, takiej jak handel narkotykami lub finansowanie terroryzmu, które wydają się pochodzić z legalnego źródła.
loophole začněte se učit		a small mistake in an agreement or law that gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something/ paying sth

22. Goverment and taxation

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