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otázka		odpověď
26. Briefly discuss the rise of the middle class in Victorian Britain. začněte se učit		There had been a “middle class” in Britain for hundreds of years. It was a small class of merchants, traders and small farmers
In the second half of the eighteen century it had increased with the rise of industrialists and factory owners začněte se učit		In the nineteenth century, however, the middle class grew more quickly than ever before and included greater differences of wealth, social position and kinds of work
It included those who worked in the professions, such as the Church, the law, medicine, the civil service, the diplomatic service, merchant banking and the army and the navy začněte se učit		It also included the commercial classes who were the real creators of wealth in the country.
Industrialists were often “self-made” men who came from poor beginnings začněte se učit		They believed in hard work, a regular style of life and being careful with money
This class included both the very successful and rich industrialists and the small shopkeepers and office workers of the growing towns and suburbs začněte se učit		In spite of the idea of “class”, the Victorian age was a time of great social movement
The children of the first generation of factory owners often preferred commerce and banking to industry začněte se učit		While their fathers remained Nonconformist and Liberal, some children became Anglican and Tory
Some went into the professions. They very successful received knighthoods or became lords and joined the ranks of the upper classes začněte se učit		Those of the middle class who could afford it sent their sons to fee-paying “public” schools
These schools aimed not only to give boys a good education, but to train them in leadership by taking them away from home and making their living conditions hard začněte se učit		These public schools provided many of the officers for the armed forces, the colonial administration and the civil service.

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