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modal verbs and related phrases obligation, lack of obligation/prohibition, permission, ability začněte se učit
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I must finish this report - I don't want to annoy the boss. začněte se učit
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Must can express that the obligation is internal, not (only) because of a rule.
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My mum makes me study for two hours every night. začněte se učit
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Use "make someone do something" when someone forces another person to do something.
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I'm not supposed to eat chocolate but... začněte se učit
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Use be supposed to especially when the obligation is broken.
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have to go, must go, make someone go obligation (strong) - present začněte se učit
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had to go, -, made someone go obligation (strong) - past
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should go, ought to go, am supposed to go obligation (mild) - present začněte se učit
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should have gone, ought to have gone, was supposed to go
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You don't have to arrive before 5 p.m... (it's not necessary) lack of obligation/prohibition začněte se učit
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You mustn't arrive before 5 p.m. (you're not allowed to) Note the difference between don't have to and musn't.
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lack of obligation - present začněte se učit
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lack of obligation - past
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mustn't go, can't go, am not allowed to go prohibition (strong) - present začněte se učit
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couldn't go, wasn't allowed to go prohibition (strong) - past
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shouldn't go, oughtn't to go, am not supposed to go prohibition (mild) - present začněte se učit
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shouldn't have gone, oughtn't to have gone, wasn't supposed to go prohibition (mild) - past
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Do you think she'll let me take a day off? My company allows us to work from home one day a week. začněte se učit
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use let + someone or allow someone to say that someone gave permission to someone
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can go, am allowed to go, may go, let someone go začněte se učit
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could go, was allowed to go, might go, let someone go
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He was able to find his way out of the forest and get help. začněte se učit
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for ability on a single occasion in the past, use was/were able to or managed to (not could).
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He managed to run the race in under three hours. začněte se učit
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Use manage to for something that is/was difficult to do.
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can/can't go, am/am not able to go, manage/don't manage to go začněte se učit
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could/couldn't go, was/wasn't able to go, managed/didn't manage to go
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Traveller's journal - Changing times začněte se učit
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Underline the correct alternatives in the blog.
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... it was the 1980s and travel there was very restricted back then. Of course you (1) get a visa to enter the country as well as a permit to travel to most cities. začněte se učit
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... it was the 1980s and travel there was very restricted back then. Of course you had to get a visa to enter the country as well as a permit to travel to most cities.
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Or at least you (2) get a permit; začněte se učit
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Or at least you were supposed to get a permit;
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I didn't always get one, and once without a permit I (3) go to a town začněte se učit
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I didn't always get one, and once without a permit I managed to go to a town
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that foreigners technically (4) go to. začněte se učit
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that foreigners technically couldn't go to.
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The police called me in and (5) me answer questions. začněte se učit
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The police called me in and made me answer questions.
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I spoke the language a little so I was (6) communicate with them. začněte se učit
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I spoke the language a little so I was able to communicate with them.
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Once they were convinced that I wasn't a spy, they (7) me go začněte se učit
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Once they were convinced that I wasn't a spy, they let me go
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and I was (8) to stay there as long as I wanted. začněte se učit
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and I was allowed to stay there as long as I wanted.
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Of course, it's changed so much now. You still (9) get a visa to enter, začněte se učit
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Of course, it's changed so much now. You still have to get a visa to enter,
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but you (10) get a permit to go anywhere within the country. začněte se učit
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but you don't have to get a permit to go anywhere within the country.
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As was always the case, if you (11) speak the language, začněte se učit
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As was always the case, if you can speak the language,
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it's a really enriching experience, and I think everyone (12) try to spend at least a few weeks travelling there. začněte se učit
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it's a really enriching experience, and I think everyone ought to try to spend at least a few weeks travelling there.
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začněte se učit
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Use the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same.
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I fell asleep. It was difficult. začněte se učit
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I managed to fall asleep.
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We stayed for dinner. There was no choice. začněte se učit
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We had to stay for dinner
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He gave me permission to listen to my MP3 player začněte se učit
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He let me listen to my MP3 player.
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It was too dark to see anything. začněte se učit
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He wasn't able to see anything.
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It's a good idea for her to leave before dark. začněte se učit
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She ought to leave before dark.
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The rule was to pay before going in. We didn't začněte se učit
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We were supposed to pay before going in (but we didn't)
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The maximum age to enter this disco is eighteen. začněte se učit
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Adults aren't allowed to enter this disco.
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I had to change my passport photo. začněte se učit
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They made me change my passport photo.
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You mustn't cross at the red light. začněte se učit
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Your mother says you can stay out late. začněte se učit
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You don't have to worry about money for a nice holiday. začněte se učit
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He has to work all hours. začněte se učit
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He can't find himself in his profession. začněte se učit
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He feels he sould give everyone the impression that he's successful. začněte se učit
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