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otázka		odpověď
You are going to read a text that predicts the Earth's future 1,000 years or more from now. What do you think it might say about the following: začněte se učit		buildings, language, global disasters, monuments like the Pyramids of Giza, the Earth's temperature
buildings začněte se učit		buildings: most will be destroyed by 3,000
language začněte se učit		most words commonly used today will become extinct by 3,000 due to the rapid evolution of language
global disasters začněte se učit		a global disaster may well have happened by 100,000; either a super-volcano or a large climate-altering asteroid
monuments like the Pyramids of Giza začněte se učit		monuments like the Pyramids of Giza might still exist in 1,000,000
the Earth's temperature začněte se učit		the Earth's temperature will be higher; by 4,000, the ice in Greenland will have melted because of extreme global warming
The text says gamma radiation will trigger mass extintions. What is a trigger? What does the verb mean here? začněte se učit		A trigger is the part of a gun that you squeeze to make it fire. Here, "trigger" means "start a rapid or powerful process".
The text says "Africa will have collided with Eurasia" and "all continents will be fused together". What is the difference between "collide" and "fuse together"? Which is the more violent action? začněte se učit		"Collide" means "crash into". "Fuse together" means "slowly become one mass". "Collide" is the more violent action.
The text say an area of land will "erode", titanium will "corrode" and glass will "decompose". What is the difference between these verbs? začněte se učit		"Erode" describes the process of land being destroyed over many years. "Corrode" means "destroyed by a chemical action", e.g. metal. "Decompose" is used about organic matter, e.g. food.
One synonym for "cease to exist" is "die out". Find two others synonyms in the text with the same meaning. They both use the verb become. začněte se učit		become extinct, become a thing of the past.
Look at the expressions in bold in the text. a distant memory, the signs are, the days of living on islands will be over, become a thing of the past, may well, is likely to začněte se učit		Which refer to:
predictions with a link to the past? a distant memory, the signs are, the days of living on islands will be over, become a thing of the past, may well, is likely to začněte se učit		a distant memory, become a thing of the past
predictions that are highly possible? the signs are, the days of living on islands will be over, may well, is likely to začněte se učit		may well, is likely to
the evidence for a prediction? the signs are, the days of living on islands will be over začněte se učit		The signs are
a situation that will stop because of changing conditions? the days of living on islands will be over začněte se učit		the days of living on islands will be over
Look at the expressions below. The facts suggest/The figures point to; is bound to/is destined to začněte se učit		They are similar to two of the expressions in Exercise 3A. Which two?
The facts suggest/The figures point to začněte se učit		the signs are
is bound to/is destined to začněte se učit		is likely to
Read some predictions about global developments. začněte se učit		Complete the paragraphs with suitable prepositions.
India is (?) track to surpass China as the most populated country by 2035. začněte se učit		India is on track to surpass China as the most populated country by 2035. on track
In India, 48,000 babies are born every day (?) average. začněte se učit		In India, 48,000 babies are born every day on average. on average
In future, India's resources such as schools and hospitals will be permanently (?) trial as they try to keep up with rising demands. začněte se učit		In future, India's resources such as schools and hospitals will be permanently on trial as they try to keep up with rising demands. on trial
Millions of children are (?) risk of contracting diseases from dirty water. začněte se učit		Millions of children are at risk of contracting diseases from dirty water. at risk of
Only sixty percent of the world's population has easy access to drinking water (?) present. začněte se učit		Only sixty percent of the world's population has easy access to drinking water at present. at present
In the future, it is hoped that (?) least ninety-five percent of people will have running water in their homes, but there are no guaranties of this. začněte se učit		In the future, it is hoped that at least ninety-five percent of people will have running water in their homes, but there are no guaranties of this. at least
As humanity's need for resources and industries has grown, it has become clear that man is (?) far the most destructive animal on Earth. začněte se učit		As humanity's need for resources and industries has grown, it has become clear that man is by far the most destructive animal on Earth. by far
We are, (?) nature, extraordinarily prolific polluters of the planet. začněte se učit		We are, by nature, extraordinarily prolific polluters of the planet. by nature
In future, everyone will have to monitor their pollution (?) law. začněte se učit		In future, everyone will have to monitor their pollution by law. by law
While the number of humans has risen, the number of wild animals such as lions has been (?) decline for decades. začněte se učit		While the number of humans has risen, the number of wild animals such as lions has been in decline for decades. in decline
We are now preserving the genetic codes of animals that are (?) danger of extinction. začněte se učit		We are now preserving the genetic codes of animals that are in danger of extinction. in danger of
In future, we hope to be able to, (?) effect, "recreate" these animals. začněte se učit		In future, we hope to be able to, in effect, "recreate" these animals. in effect
In the early twenty-first century, corruption in business has started getting (?) control. začněte se učit		In the early twenty-first century, corruption in business has started getting out of control. out of control
Corporations have tried to keep a number of scandals (?) sight. začněte se učit		Corporations have tried to keep a number of scandals out of sight. out of sight
In future, (?) necessity, stricter anti-corruption laws will be passed. začněte se učit		In future, out of necessity, stricter anti-corruption laws will be passed. out of necessity
Replace the underlined words below with prepositional phrases from Exercise 10A. začněte se učit		Then use your own ideas to complete as many of the predictions as you can.
In the future, people will be vulnerable to catching a new disease called... vulnerable to začněte se učit		In the future, people will be at risk of catching a new disease called... at risk of
Birth rates are falling fast, so soon... falling fast začněte se učit		Birth rates are in decline, so soon... in decline
Inflation will get completely crazy, which will lead to... completely crazy začněte se učit		Inflation will get out of control, which will lead to... out of control
By 2040 there will be a minimum of ten billion people alive, and this will cause... a minimum of začněte se učit		By 2040 there will be at least ten billion people alive, and this will cause... at least
In future, legally people will have to register their... legally začněte se učit		In future, by law people will have to register their... by law
To protect animals that are close to becoming extinct, we will... close to becoming extinct začněte se učit		To protect animals that are in danger, we will... in danger
People will, generally, have only one... generally začněte se učit		People will, on average, have only one... on average
Right now, robots aren't very intelligent, but by 2040,... Right now začněte se učit		At present, robots aren't very intelligent, but by 2040,... At present
Match the prepositional phrases in bold začněte se učit		with phrases a), b) or c).
The ship was hit by the typhon and blown off course. Now it's lost. off course začněte se učit		away from a scheduled path off course
I started the race OK, but soon realised I was off the pace and have to give up. off the pace začněte se učit		too slow to keep up off the pace
You can't get power into a golf shot if you're off balance. off balance začněte se učit		in an unsteady position off balance
We are not investigating the president. He's above suspicion. above suspicion začněte se učit		assumed to be inocent above suspicion
We never do anything illegal. Everything is above board. above board začněte se učit		legal above board
The planes are fast and comfortable, but above all they're safe. above all začněte se učit		the most important thing is above all
The manager said that, aged sixty-five, I was over the hill so he fired me. over the hill začněte se učit		past my best (too old now) over the hill
When I won first prize I was over the moon. I celebrate a lot. over the moon začněte se učit		extremely happy over the moon
Her celebrations were excessive. They were over the top. over the top začněte se učit		too much over the top
I didn't go to work because I was feeling under the weather. under the weather začněte se učit		a little bit sick under the weather
Oh, do I have to cook dinner? I was under the impression you'd do it! under the impression začněte se učit		thinking (probably wrongly) under the impression
When you testify in court, remember you are under oath and cannot lie. under oath začněte se učit		obliged by the law to tell the truth in court under oath
Complete the text začněte se učit		by adding one word in each gap.
The idea of resurrecting extinct species used to be science fiction, but this development (?) well come true. začněte se učit		The idea of resurrecting extinct species used to be science fiction, but this development could/might/may well come true. could/might/may
The science already exist. The recent explosion (?) genoma research tells us that the recipe for making a creature lies in its DNA. začněte se učit		The science already exist. The recent explosion in genoma research tells us that the recipe for making a creature lies in its DNA. in
Creating animals from a genoma sequence is impossible now, but the (?) are it will happen soon. začněte se učit		Creating animals from a genoma sequence is impossible now, but the signs/chances are it will happen soon. signs/chances
When an animal dies in a dry cave or in ice, začněte se učit		we can find intact genome sequences.
We then need a surrogate species to give birth to the animal. začněte se učit		If we wanted to bring back a mammouth, the surrogate would be an elephant.
As a result of this development, fears about the extinction of some species could become a (?) memory. začněte se učit		As a result of this development, fears about the extinction of some species could become a distant memory. distant
As the science gathers pace, conservationists are getting ready; začněte se učit		they have begun freezing tissue samples of these animals.
The days of campaigns to save the whale and so many other species could (?) over, začněte se učit		The days of campaigns to save the whale and so many other species could be over, be
as extinction becomes a (?) of the past! začněte se učit		as extinction becomes a thing of the past! thing

6.1 FUTURE GAZING: PREDICTIONS

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