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Gross Domestic Product (GDP), začněte se učit
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Produkt krajowy brutto (PKB)
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it’s more revealing to consider it’s more revealing to consider the size of the economy now compared to its potential for sustained growth. začněte se učit
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bardziej odkrywcze jest rozważenie
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This depends on a host of factors, such as the legal and political framework, economic stability, the ease of doing business, the financial and information flow, convenience as a business centre and liveability. host of sparrows začněte se učit
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zależne od wielu czynników,(gość)
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These days, children prefer computer games to playing with their peers. However, the average New Yorker can buy more than their peers in London, Paris, Tokyo and Hong Kong. začněte se učit
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W dzisiejszych czasach dzieci wolą gry komputerowe od zabawy z rówieśnikami.
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are just squeezed out from Both super-cities are just squeezed out from the number one spot by faster-growing London, začněte se učit
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which is expected to leapfrog Paris and become Europe’s richest city by 2020, owing to the vast volume of its financial markets. formal writing. As a noun: It refers to a traditional children's game where players vault over each other's backs. začněte se učit
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benefiting from a unique composite of ports, airports, hotels and real estate. začněte se učit
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unikalny kompozyt, połączenie
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Coming up behind is Seoul, which, similar to Hong-Kong, packs a double punch. začněte se učit
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Conversely, sluggish growth in Paris has it slowly losing ground, dropping behind the South Korean capital začněte se učit
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the economy of Shanghai has doubled in the last ten years, and it is projected to keep humming for the next five, though it is hardly the only Asian city with prospects. začněte se učit
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gospodarka Szanghaju podwoiła się w ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat,
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it is projected to keep humming for the next five, though it is hardly the only Asian city with prospects. začněte se učit
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Jakarta in Indonesia and Beijing come to the fore začněte se učit
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przodować, wyjść na prowadzenie
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Toronto only narrowly-edged out Madrid Hanging on at number ten, Toronto only narrowly-edged out Madrid and Philadelphia. začněte se učit
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Toronto wyprzedziło Madryt jedynie minimalną przewagą
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The economy is in a downturn. The economy is in a downturn. Growth has slowed. začněte se učit
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Gospodarka jest w recesji.(tendencji spadkowej)
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keeping interest rates at an artificially low rate. Many people blame the ECB for keeping interest rates at an artificially low rate. začněte se učit
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utrzymywanie stóp procentowych na sztucznie niskim poziomie.
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The bailout package the government is preparing should ensure worst affected banks keep afloat. začněte se učit
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banki utrzymują się na powierzchni
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All the indicators point to a steep decline in exports začněte se učit
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wskazują na gwałtowny spadek
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value of the euro has dropped. The value of the euro has dropped. Economists are hopeful it will rise next financial quarter. začněte se učit
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The worst case scenario is that the recession will drag on indefinitely. začněte se učit
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A rapid increase in house prices produced a bubble A rapid increase in house prices produced a bubble followed by a crash in the value of real estate. začněte se učit
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Gwałtowny wzrost cen nieruchomości spowodował bańkę
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The stock market is booming The stock market is booming as share prices continue to go through the roof. začněte se učit
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The risk of runaway inflation The risk of runaway inflation is increasing as prices rise and wages stagnate. začněte se učit
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Ryzyko niekontrolowanej inflacji
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increase the availability of home loans The push to increase the availability of home loans led to unintended negative consequences. začněte se učit
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zwiększyć dostępność kredytów hipotecznych
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There aren’t enough experienced, qualified nurses in the public health sector. začněte se učit
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niedobór umiejętności, brak wykwalifikowanej kadry pracowniczej
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Real estate sales have surged Real estate sales have surged 38% since last year. the housing market začněte se učit
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Sprzedaż nieruchomości gwałtownie wzrosła
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Not as many people join trade unions as they used to začněte se učit
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The total value of all goods and services in the United Kingdom was worth 2522.26 billion US dollars in 2013. začněte se učit
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Tourism is a significant wealth-producer in many countries. začněte se učit
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In the late 1990s the US government removed controls over commercial banking. začněte se učit
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deregulacja-usunięcie nadzoru państwa
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liveable cities-quality of life Vienna generally appears in any list of the top ten liveable cities. začněte se učit
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znośność miasta, jakość życia,
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The government has sold off the national railways to a number of different companies. začněte se učit
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High rates of taxation -standard of living High rates of taxation have drastically reduced disposable income for many people since the banking crisis. začněte se učit
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Wysokie stawki podatkowe - standard życia
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Sony have opened a new plant in Vietnam which should boost the local economy. začněte se učit
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inwestycja wewnętrzna-zastrzyk finansowy z poza kraju
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The most significant driver is the search for specialized talent. Companies often move to cities with a high concentration of workers in their specific industry začněte se učit
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Najważniejszym czynnikiem jest poszukiwanie wyspecjalizowanych talentów.
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helping the company recruit Modern HQs are often moved to "lifestyle cities" that offer lower costs of living for employees, helping the company recruit without having to pay the astronomical salaries required in hubs like San Francisco or New York. začněte se učit
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pomaganie firmie w rekrutacji
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Tax Incentives and Regulatory Climate -bidding wars Direct Subsidies: Cash grants or tax abatements that can save a company billions over a decade. Favorable Regulation: Companies often flee states with complex labor laws or high corporate income taxes in favor of "business-friendly" jurisdictions. začněte se učit
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Zachęty podatkowe i klimat regulacyjny – wojny licytacyjne
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Cost Optimization (The "Flight to Efficiency") Real estate is typically a company's second-largest overhead expense. Rent and Utilities: Moving from a "Tier 1" city to a "Tier 2" city can slash occupancy costs by 30-5% %. As hybrid work stabilizes, firms are trading massive, half-empty campuses for smaller, high-tech hubs in central business districts. začněte se učit
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Optymalizacja kosztów („ucieczka do efektywności”) Nieruchomości stanowią zazwyczaj drugi co do wielkości wydatek stały w przedsiębiorstwie.
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Strategic Ecosystems Proximity to partners, suppliers, and even competitors (agglomeration) fosters innovation. Example: A logistics firm moving closer to a major port or a tech firm moving into an "Innovation District" to be near research universities. začněte se učit
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Strategiczne ekosystemy Bliskość partnerów, dostawców, a nawet konkurentów (aglomeracja) sprzyja innowacjom.
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Overhead costs are fixed operating expenses that aren’t linked to a product or a service. These are typically regularly occurring expenses that the company needs to operate like internet costs, insurance, rent, employee salaries, utilities office supplies začněte se učit
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Positive Impacts (The Destination City) Job Multiplication: For every 1 high-paying "white-collar" job created at the HQ, research suggests an additional 4 to 5 jobs are created in the local service economy (restaurants, retail, construction, and healthcare). začněte se učit
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Pozytywne skutki (miasto docelowe)
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Positive Impacts (The Destination City) Tax Base Expansion: Increased property taxes and local sales taxes provide funding for schools, infrastructure, and public services. začněte se učit
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Pozytywne skutki (miasto docelowe)
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Positive Impacts (The Destination City) Ancillary Investment: The arrival of a "tentpole" company often signals to other businesses that the city is a safe place to invest, leading to a surge in local startups and satellite offices. začněte se učit
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Pozytywne skutki (miasto docelowe)
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Negative Impacts (The Destination Cit The "Amazon Effect": Rapid influxes of high-earning employees can cause local real estate prices to skyrocket. This often leads to gentrification, where long-term residents are priced out of their own neighborhoods. začněte se učit
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Negatywne skutki (Miasto docelowe)
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Negative Impacts (The Destination Cit Infrastructure Strain: Sudden population growth can overwhelm public transit, increase traffic congestion, and put pressure on local utility grids. začněte se učit
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Negatywne skutki (Miasto docelowe)
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When a major employer leaves, The city loses a primary source of tax revenue, which can lead to budget cuts for public services. začněte se učit
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When a major employer leaves, Top talent often moves with the company, stripping the local community of its most skilled workers and reducing the incentive for new businesses to move in. začněte se učit
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Economists and business leaders track several key indicators to determine if an economy is "humming" or facing potential headwinds: (GDP): Measures the overall growth or contraction of the economy. Unemployment Rate: A key indicator of labor market health. (CPI): Tracks inflation; Interest Rates: The cost of borrowing, influenced by central bank policy. Stock Market Performance: začněte se učit
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Ekonomiści i liderzy biznesu śledzą kilka kluczowych wskaźników, aby określić, czy gospodarka „rozkręca się”, czy też stoi w obliczu potencjalnych przeciwności:
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sustainable economic growth why it matters-long term viability Long-Term Viability: Ensures growth can continue without crashing due to resource depletion or excessive debt. začněte se učit
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Długoterminowa rentowność
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positive effect of sustainable growth Improved Living Standards: For nations, it means more jobs, better wages, and reduced poverty. Resilience: Companies and economies that grow sustainably are better equipped to handle market changes. začněte se učit
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pozytywny wpływ zrównoważonego wzrostu
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If the product is good and meets consumer needs than advertising is unnecessary. začněte se učit
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Jeśli produkt jest dobry i spełnia potrzeby konsumenta, to reklama jest zbędna.
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Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and as a result, people gravitate towards buying their products. začněte se učit
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Duże firmy dysponują dużymi budżetami na marketing i promocję, w rezultacie czego ludzie chętniej kupują ich produkty.
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Some countries encourage foreign companies to open in their country. Many people think that the government should focus on encouraging local business rather than foreign businesses. začněte se učit
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Niektóre kraje zachęcają zagraniczne firmy do zakładania firm na ich terenie.
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business with a scope of limited investment But, then just before a year, after playing with a lot of small business ideas with the scope of limited investment, I decided that I would start a fruit juice selling business začněte se učit
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biznes o ograniczonym zakresie inwestycji
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Starting an online clothing store involves not only sourcing products, creating a website, and managing logistics but also establishing a strong brand presence in a highly competitive market. začněte se učit
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fashion industry is evolving rapidly, I believe that the fashion industry is evolving rapidly, with a growing demand for online shopping, especially after the recent global events. začněte se učit
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przemysł modowy rozwija się szybko,
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Entrepreneurial: – Characterised by risk-taking and initiative in order to make a profit. Example: I have an entrepreneurial spirit and have always wanted to run my own venture. začněte se učit
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Lucrative: – Producing a great deal of profit. Example: I believe this niche market could be quite lucrative in the long run. začněte se učit
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Feasibility: – The state of being easily or conveniently done. Example: I'm still in the initial stages of assessing the business's feasibility. začněte se učit
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Address a gap in the market začněte se učit
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Realize a long-term ambition: – Achieve a goal that one has had for a significant amount of time. Example: Starting this business would allow me to realize a long-term ambition. začněte se učit
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Zrealizuj długoterminową ambicję: –
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– To create jobs for people. Example: I also hope that my business can eventually generate employment opportunities in the community. začněte se učit
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Generowanie zatrudnienia:
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Money invested in a business with the expectation of future financial gain. Example: Securing the initial capital investment is one of the main hurdles I'm facing. začněte se učit
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Navigate regulatory hurdles: – Deal with and overcome official rules and procedures that can be obstacles. Example: Understanding and navigating the regulatory hurdles is a key step before launching začněte se učit
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Pokonaj przeszkody regulacyjne:
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A passion-driven project: – An undertaking fueled by strong enthusiasm and interest. Example: This business is more than just a way to earn a living; it's a passion-driven project. začněte se učit
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Projekt napędzany pasją: –
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Scalable business model: – A framework for how a business creates, delivers, and captures value that can be expanded without significant increases in cost. Example: I'm developing a scalable business model that can adapt to growth. začněte se učit
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Skalowalny model biznesowy: –
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Make a meaningful contribution: – To have a significant and positive impact. Example: I believe this business can make a meaningful contribution to the local economy. začněte se učit
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Achieve financial independence: – To have enough money to live without having to work. Example: Ultimately, I hope this venture will help me achieve financial independence. začněte se učit
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Osiągnij niezależność finansową: –
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To effectively use my skills and knowledge. Example: This business would allow me to harness my expertise in a creative and impactful way. začněte se učit
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Skorzystać z mojej wiedzy. i doswiadczenia
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– An activity that provides a sense of satisfaction and purpose. Example: I envision it being a challenging yet ultimately fulfilling endeavour. začněte se učit
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Spełniające przedsięwzięcie:
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Legal and Political Framework: Is the government stable? Are contracts enforceable in court? Is there a risk of sudden regulatory changes? začněte se učit
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Ramy prawne i polityczne:
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Is inflation low? Is the currency stable? začněte se učit
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How hard is it to get a permit, pay taxes, or register property In essence, a high ranking meant a country had fewer bureaucratic hurdles, stronger property rights, and more efficient legal frameworks, fostering entrepreneurship. začněte se učit
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Łatwość prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej:
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based on how favorable their regulatory environment was ranked countries based on how favorable their regulatory environment was for starting and operating a local business začněte se učit
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na podstawie tego, jak korzystne było ich otoczenie regulacyjne
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Financial and Information Flow: Can you move money in and out of the country easily? Is the internet fast and uncensored? začněte se učit
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Przepływ finansowy i informacyjny:
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Will employees actually want to live there? This includes housing costs, safety, schools, and culture začněte se učit
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začněte se učit
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