(© Pearson 2016 SO2A) WORDLIST 7. FREEDOM

Loneliness is not being alone, It’s loving others to no avail.

We searched the whole area but all to no avail. Robbie had disappeared.

I WISH but it's all in vain

Police searched in vain for the missing gunman.

Frantically: fast and nervous

There was still no news of Jill, and her parents were frantically searching for her.

Something that happens extensively occurs in a wide or broad way — on a large scale or across a large area. Road Salts: Extensively used, but are they safe?

They search extensively for clues to the girl’s disappearance.

You set off the alarm in the seat of my chair. It goes off when somebody tries to blow smoke up my rear.

Smoke from a cigarette will not normally set off a smoke alarm.

If the alarm sounds leave the building immediately. To cause a noise to be made or say or shout a message to warn people about something.

His bankers sounded the alarm when they discovered that money had gone missing from his accounts.

In case of fire use the air horn to raise the alarm

Neighbours raised the alarm when they smelled smoke.

the part of a gun that you pull with your finger to fire it: He pointed the gun and pulled the trigger. To make something start to happen.

A window blew open, triggering the alarm.

Presume: to suppose something with some probability or evidence. Assume: to suppose without reason or evidence. Presume is a verb that means to suppose, to take for granted, or to dare. Presume is usually used when you suppose based on probability.

From the way he talked I presumed, wrongly, that he was your boss.

Death is usually obvious. Cases arise where death is uncertain. A person is presumed dead, if unheard of for a long time, (often, but not exclusively 7 years)

Their nephew was missing, presumed dead.

innocent until proven guilty

The defendant is presumed innocent until he or she is found guilty.

To live is to suffer, to survive is to find some meaning in the suffering.

Craig suffers from a rare bone disease.

headache type: sinus, tension, migraine, cluster

I won’t be coming this evening – I’m suffering from migraines.

asthma triggers: pets, exercising, pollen, stress, bugs in home, anger, cool air, pollution, smoking, dust

She carries an inhaler because she suffers with asthma.

You're not going to get better if you don't start taking these pills. I keep forgetting. (Amnesia clinic)

After the accident, she woke up suffering from amnesia.

Particles in air (allergens): pollen, dust mite debris, animal dander. Allergic symptoms: watery eyes, runny nose, itchy throat.

John always suffers badly from hay fever in the summer.

find the answer: who, what, when, where, how, why

The investigation continued for nearly three years.

an event to celebrate or introduce something new

The authorities are planning to launch a full-scale investigation into the crash.

When a thing ceases to be subject of controversy, it ceases to be a subject of interest

The causes of the air crash are the subject of investigation.

So many goals? Which goals to pursue first?

A private detective was hired to pursue the investigation.

How to lead without being the boss.

The investigation is being led by a senior detective.

waking up after day shift vs waking up after night shift

He’s going to be on day shifts for five days.

Careers for night owls and early birds

She found it hard to stay awake during her night shifts at the factory.

A Haiku about getting out of bed: no, no, no, no, no, no...

The early shift will be coming on in a few minutes.

Approximately 20% of the U.S. workforce performs shift-work. Shift-work is characterized as hours worked outside of the traditional 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. work

Nobody wants to do the late shift.

A person may work from 05:00 to 09:00, take a break until 2:00 and return to work until 7:00.

She hates doing split shifts – they disrupt her sleep patterns.

HOW YOU FEEL WHEN YOU FINALLY FINISH YOUR 10-HOUR SHIFT

I did 10-hour shifts every day last week.

Don't quit. Do it.

Was he motivated solely by his desire for power?

A real man doesn’t hesitate when he finds the right woman

Kay hesitated for a moment and then said ‘yes’.

To repair, restore to good condition, to make new again. Repair, fix up, recondition.

The hotel has been renovated and redecorated.

“Would you please elaborate on "then something bad happened'?"

He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further.

Do not let the shadows of your past darken the doorstep of your future. Forgive and forget.

The sky darkened and a few drops of rain fell.

To make something strong or stronger. Building strength throughout the biceps can help strengthen the muscles in the shoulders and back.

Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.

Brighten up someone's day, to make someone feel happier.

The morning sunshine brightened up the room.

Why do we sometimes find it hard to prioritise?

You need to prioritise your tasks.

They legalized alcohol, they legalized tobacco. What is it gonna hurt to legalize this medicinal, medical marijuana that's used for purposes of cataracts?

Rules to legalise casino gambling could be introduced next autumn.

Make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to. update, overhaul, renovate, revive, restore, rejuvenate

They need more funds to modernise the country’s telephone system.

To realise our dreams we must decide to wake up.

I suddenly realised that the boy was crying.

To glorify is to praise or honor something or someone to an extreme degree. If you like someone, you might compliment or praise them, but glorifying takes that a step further. When something is glorified, it is praised to the highest degree possible.

I don’t like films which glorify violence.

Electrify: to excite or thrill.

She would sit at the piano and sing, electrifying us all.

Exemplify: illustrate, represent, give an example. Gary Soto's stories exemplify the aspects of excellent short realistic fiction.

The building exemplifies the style of architecture which was popular at the time.

The exhaustion cycle: busy (can't stop now); beatdown (can't take this); burnout (can't keep going).

He collapsed with exhaustion.

The processes and methodes used to transform tangible (raw materials, semi-finished goods, subassemblies) and intangible inputs (ideas, information, knowledge) into goods or services.

The production of consumer goods has slowed recently.

We are made wise not by the recollection of our past, but by the responsibility for our future.

My earliest recollections are of my mother bending over my cot. a light portable bed, especially one of canvas on a folding frame. British. a child's crib. a light bedstead.

The model of immediacy. General: specific; there: here; them: you; then: now.

Television brings a new immediacy to world events.

Accuracy: The closeness of a given measurement to its true value, i.e. whether the measure is correct.

He passes the ball with unerring accuracy.

An inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. Monica has a tendency to talk too much when she is nervous.

Greg’s tendency to be critical made him unpopular with his co-workers.

Clarity brings success. Get clear on what you want and why you want it.

Letters may be edited for length and clarity.

Stupidity is doing the same thing, over and over again, but expecting different results.

Saying that showed his complete stupidity!

Opportunity does not come gift-wrapped. You must take risks.

I’d like to take this opportunity to thank you all.

The shame you feel when your inadequacy or guilty is made public. How I feel when: I mispronounce a word, I fall in public, I sing the wrong lyrics, I have food in my teeth, I get emotional.

She suffered extreme embarrassment at not knowing how to read.

Enjoyment is an incredible energizer to the human spirit

Acting has brought me enormous enjoyment.

Sexual harassment is unwanted sexual conduct and it can happen anywhere, at any time, it can include unwanted flirting, cat calling, touching without consent, sexual favours, crude gestures/jokes.

African-Americans have been complaining about police harassment for years.

At the innermost care of all loneliness is a deep and powerful yearning for union with one's lost self. deep yearning: profunda ânsia

Her loneliness is caused by being on her own all day.

Emotion in itself is not unhappiness. Only emotion plus an unhappy story is unhappiness.

Leslie had a lot of unhappiness in her childhood.

Amazingly easy ways to get rid of tiredness. How to beat tiredness and increase energy levels: eat breakfast, drink more water, cut out caffeine, eat energy-boosting foods, sleep soundly, exercise, lose weight, manage your stress level.

He began to fall asleep from tiredness.

Engineers are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost

He trained as a civil engineer.

Musicians: creative people. Music band: group of young and smiling musician.

She was a talented young musician.

Every email to a professor should adhere to the standard construct of a letter, which includes an opening salutation, the body of the message, and an appropriate signoff.

She’s been named the professor of English.

-We need someone really responsible in this job. -I'm the guy. Whenever anything goes wrong, my boss says I am responsible.

He was one of 30 applicants for the manager’s job.

How to Become a Flight Attendant - Ultimate Guide to Flight Attendant Job.

Jim got a holiday job as a car park attendant.

that which disinfects; an agent for removing the causes of infection, as chlorine.

The tables were washed with disinfectant at the end of the day.

Storm clearance. Not all storms come to disrupt your life, some come to clear your path.

She’ll race if she gets medical clearance from her doctor.

the fact of someone or something arriving, becoming visible, or coming into existence again. "we were taken aback at her sudden reappearance"

Many of these ideas make a reappearance in his later books.

Pretending to be someone you're not is a waste of the person you are.

How long are you going to keep up the pretence of being ill?

Are you dominant or submissive?

The dominant male gorilla is the largest in the group.

Exceeding what is needed, superfluous; unnecessary to the sense, as words. I'll be busy the rest of the day, Martha. The boss wants me to take one of his redundant letters!

Seventy factory workers were made redundant in the resulting cuts.

Be Your Own Hero - Be More Independent.

There are plans to split the corporation into a number of smaller independent companies.

causing general public outrage by a perceived offense against morality or law.

showing desire to resist authority, control, or moral codes. Disobedient, unruly, unmanageable.

How would you like to take charge of a class of rebellious teenagers?

I do this face so you know I'm suspicious.

Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious of his behaviour.

Don't underestimate yourself. You are capable of more than you can ever imagine. You are capable of AMAZING things.

I don’t think he’s capable of murder.

The main difference between eatable and edible is that eatable is related to the taste or palatability of a food whereas edible is more associated with the safety.

These berries are edible, but those are poisonous.

visible Definition: able to be seen Synonym: clear, seeable Antonym: invisible Part of speech: adjective

The outline of the mountains was clearly visible.

How to be persuasive The art of getting what you want!

Trevor can be very persuasive.

Unable to understand something? It's eluding you! Elusive describes being difficult to grasp or retain. Things that are elusive hard to find, pin down, or remember. They slip right out of your grasp.

She managed to get an interview with that elusive man.

Is it wrong to be evasive and not answer questions? I don't know. Ask your mother.

Paul’s being a bit evasive about this job.

The path to success is to take massive, determined action

The bell is massive, weighing over 40 tons.

Are You a Respectful Person?

They listened in respectful silence.

Hello! I am ... someone who can help!

Thank you for your advice; it’s been very helpful.

He may not be accurate but he's resourceful!

She is a woman who is energetic and resourceful.

Dive deep. To Explore Deeply my Reason for Existence

Teachers are deeply divided on this issue.

How to tell if you're financially healthy.

He was successful and financially secure.

A tiny change today brings a dramatically different tomorrow.

Computers have changed the workplace dramatically.

An extensively retouched image of a rabbit drive taking place in South Australia, circa 1930

As a student, he travelled extensively in the Middle East.

When I am supposedly on a diet and someone asks if it's going well...

How could a supposedly intelligent person be so stupid?

The worst thing about censorship is...

The information given to the press was subject to censorship by the Ministry of Defence.

You have to pay exorbitant interest if you have credit card debt.

He paid an exorbitant price for his house.

Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of Mankind.

We have seen the rise of the nationalist movement in the country.

Governor's responsabilities: sets policy, appoints people to state jobs, creates budget, recommends and signs laws, commands state's National Guard.

His last post was as governor of a British colony.

To be receptive to an idea or proposal. It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.

We try to be responsive to the needs of the customer.

Doc, I think I'm getting senile. General times lately, I have forgotten to zip up. That's not senility, replied the doctor. Senility is when you forget to zip down.

His senility is becoming more of a problem.

To construct; to make up (a story). It was evident to all who heard him that Jim fabricated his story to save himself from embarrassment.

The police were accused of fabricating evidence.

Risk analysis combining likelihood/probability with consequences/severity:

Using a seatbelt will reduce the likelihood of serious injury in a car accident.

Social Media in two words: BE PERSONABLE

She is a very personable young woman.

If we lose affection and kindliness from our life: we lose all that gives it charm.

Mrs Smith’s kindliness to my wife was much appreciated

Identical twins, also scientifically referred to as monozygotic twins, occur when 2 offspring are developed from one single egg. Fraternal twins, also scientifically referred to as dizygotic twins, are 2 offspring that are developed from 2 separate eggs.

The sisters were identical in appearance and character.

Writing over and over on the board is repetition.

The job involved the constant repetition of the same movements.

Sarcasm: the ability to insult idiots without them realizing it.

‘Good of you to arrive on time,’ George said, with heavy sarcasm.

Definition of self-glorification: a feeling or expression of one's own superiority.

I don’t like films that glorify violence.

troublesome - trouble-causing, disturbing; something that worries you

Her three-year-old son was quite troublesome.

Classy is when you have a lot to say but you choose to remain silent in front of fools.

There were some classy restaurants in the capital city.

Expertise Ability Experience Knowhow

What he’s bringing to the company is financial expertise.

Sorry, Louise, old age doesn't go into remission.

The cancer has gone into remission.

You can let yourself be anxious even though your goal is to reduce anxiety.

He was a bit anxious about the safety of the machinery.

The definition of heroic is a strong and courageous person or a story about deeds by those with these qualities.

She made heroic efforts to save her family.

Empathy: I feel how you feel. Sympathy: I know how you feel.

I have a lot of sympathy for her; she had to bring up the children on her own.

Cause Any event or condition that anticipates or precipitates another event or condition Effect Any event or condition that is caused by another event or condition

My parents’ divorce had a big effect on me.

To impose means to force or inflict something on someone else. It was okay, but they sure impose a lot of deadlines!

The court can impose a fine.

Definition: lacking in seriousness or importance Antonym: serious, sober Sentence: Kim Kardashian’s frivolous marriage annoyed me because I don’t think either of them were ever serious about their relationship.

The court discourages frivolous law suits.

Envy – Main Causes Dissatisfaction (Focusing on what one doesn’t have rather than what one does have). Comparison to others. Pride (The false idea that one deserves a life filled with personal gain and satisfaction).

He watched the other boys with envy.

Don’t hesitate to be as revolutionary as science. Don’t hesitate to be as reactionary as the multiplication table.

Kay hesitated for a moment and then said ‘yes’.

Be enthusiastic. Enthusiasm and positivity are contagious. Happy people are more engaged and productive.

All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.

A person who blindly believes in the superiority of his/her own country, race, gender or group

He’s a bit of a male chauvinist.

Sometimes you need to be alone in order to reflect on life. Take time out to take care of yourself. You deserve it.

In between jobs, Liz always took time out to return to her first love – travelling.

Sometimes you just have to take a breather from reality.

I’m really tired – let’s stop for a while and have a breather!

Take your mind off something” means “to do something to help you forget. Take your mind off yourself. Focus on what you are doing and how you can do it better.

Going back to work helped take my mind off Ian’s death.

I just can't switch off. How to Switch Off When You're Really Stressed.

They switch off by listening to music.

Let your hair down and have a little fun.

The party gave us all a chance to really let our hair down.

Time to Unwind

The country hotel was the perfect place to unwind.

To work from early in the morning until late at night without taking time to rest. To try and do too much work in a short amount of time with very little rest. To work more than you need to or should do. To overwork without a break.

He’s been burning the candle at both ends for far too long.

while away on vacation

The evenings were whiled away in endless games of cards.

When people chill and do things together

I don’t really know who she hangs out with.

Dear self, let yourself chill out.

I spent the afternoon chilling out in front of the TV.

This is your dad! He never actually left us - he's spent every waking minute working all hours trying to be a success!

He’s been working all hours trying to get the business up and running.

It’s exam week, so many of us are “burning the midnight oil,” meaning staying up late to work or study. Hang in there!

I’ll need to burn the midnight oil if I’m to get this job finished in time.

in a deliberate unhurried manner; with intention; in an intentional manner

I deliberately kept the letter short.

I’m currently unsupervised. The possibilities are endless. What will you do when there is no one else around?

without being in the charge of, or looked after by, another person

Encourage One Another

Violent TV programmes encourage anti-social behaviour.

Independence is loyalty to one’s best self and principles, and this is often disloyalty to the general idols and fetishes.

Having a job gives you financial independence.

You're overprotective, Mother. Pool entrance.

He was guilty of over-protectiveness towards his children.

Risk attitude. risk-averse. Seeking to avoid risks and withdraw from risky situations. risk seeking. actively seek risk, in the belief that higher the risk equals higher the returns.

Shareholders are more risk-averse than they used to be.

Handle it. Accept it. Look. I don't like it any more than you do, but we have to get rid of the cat. Deal with it!

Don’t worry, I’ll deal with this.

The possibility of suffering harm or injury. A person or thing that is likely to cause harm or injury. Drought is a danger.

The refugees believe that their lives are in danger.

Take risks. If you win, you will be happy; if you lose, you will be wise.

Isn’t he taking risks in coming here?

You don't have to be excessively harsh, but mollycoddling your kids does them no good either.

He had been mollycoddled as a young boy.

Sometimes people try to expose what's wrong with you because they can't handle everything that's right about you.

The report revealed that workers had been exposed to great danger.

Colony: territory that an imperial power ruled directly

They were subject to colonial domination for centuries.

It is difficult to free fools from the chains they revere. To view someone with respect and admiration.

He is revered as a national hero.

A person who rules in name only.

The Queen is merely a figurehead.

To clamp down on: To take action to stop unwanted activity (crime, something harmful, etc.) The teacher clamped down on talking in the classroom. The government is clamping down on illegally parked cars.

The police announced a clampdown on drug dealers. (repressão)

Outrage, combining as it does shock, anger, reproach, and helplessness, is perhaps the most unmanageable, the most demoralizing of all the emotions.

The response to the jury’s verdict was one of outrage.

Teams galvanize around a common goal. Excite or stimulate something or someone into action.

The possibility of defeat finally galvanised us into action.

Success is not just the crowning moment, the spiking of the ball in the end zone or the raising of the flag on the summit. It is the whole process of reaching for a goal and, sometimes, it begins with failure

Their crowning moment was the winning of the cup in 1966.

to be someone’s responsibility. If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants.

The blame rests squarely on Jim’s shoulders.