→ Comm Test 2 → Začněte se učit / Stáhněte si MP3 karty

otázka		odpověď
Phonological language rules začněte se učit		The correct pronunciation of a word
Syntactic language rules začněte se učit		The way words and phrases are put together to make sentences
Semantic language rules začněte se učit		The meaning of individual words
Pragmatic language rules začněte se učit		Social and cultural info usage to determine meaning of statements
Denotative meaning začněte se učit		A word's literal meaning
Connotative meaning začněte se učit		A word's implied/secondary meaning
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis začněte se učit		The idea that language influences the ways that members of a culture see and think about the world
Linguistic determinism začněte se učit		The structure of language determines how we think
Linguistic relativity začněte se učit		Because language determines our perceptions of reality, people who speak different languages will see the world differently
Ethos začněte se učit		A speaker's respectability, trustworthiness, and moral character
Pathos začněte se učit		Listener's emotions
Logos začněte se učit		Listener's ability to reason (make judgements about the world based on evidence)
Equivocation začněte se učit		Strategically vague language that disguises the speaker's true intentions
Weasel words začněte se učit		Terms and phrases that are intended to mislead listeners by implying something that they don't actually say
Allness statement začněte se učit		A declaration implying a claim is true w/o exception
Euphemism začněte se učit		A vague, mild expression that symbolizes something more blunt or harsh
Doublespeak začněte se učit		Using euphemisms to distort meaning or make offensive/upsetting news seem more acceptable
Libel začněte se učit		A defamatory statement made in print or some other fixed medium
Slander začněte se učit		A defamatory statement made aloud
Communication accommodation theory začněte se učit		People may be more likely to trust someone who speaks in their dialect
Evaluative feedback začněte se učit		A reply that withholds assessment of what the speaker has said or done
You-statement začněte se učit		A statement that shifts responsibility for one's own thoughts or feelings to the listener
I-statement začněte se učit		A statement that claims ownership of one's own thoughts or feelings
Oculesics začněte se učit		The study of eye behavior
Emblem začněte se učit		A gesture w/ a direct verbal translation
Adaptor začněte se učit		A gesture used to satisfy a personal need
Haptics začněte se učit		The study of how people touch to communicate (affectionate, caregiving, power/control, aggressive, ritualistic)
Vocalics začněte se učit		Characteristics of the voice that convey meaning (pitch, inflection, volume, filler words, etc.)
Olfactics začněte se učit		The study of the sense of smell
Proxemics začněte se učit		The study of spatial use (intimate, personal, social, public distance)
Halo effect začněte se učit		The tendency to attribute positive qualities to physically attractive people
Chronemics začněte se učit		The way people use time
Artifacts začněte se učit		An object or a visual feature of an environment w/ communicative value
Left-positioning začněte se učit		Angling yourself in the direction you want to go to leave a conversation faster
Relational listening style začněte se učit		Listening while showing concern for others
Task-oriented listening style začněte se učit		Listening as part of a transaction
Critical listening style začněte se učit		Listening that emphasizes intent to challenge someone's statement
Analytical listening style začněte se učit		Listening that withholds judgement while listening and considers all sides of an issue
HURIER Model začněte se učit		Model of effective listening (Hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, responding)
Informational listening začněte se učit		Listening to learn something
Appreciative listening začněte se učit		Listening for enjoyment
Psuedolistening začněte se učit		Using feedback behaviors to give the fake impression that you're listening
Conversational overload začněte se učit		Being swamped w/ texts, tags, tweets, messages
Glazing over začněte se učit		Daydreaming during the time not spent listening
Rebuttal tendency začněte se učit		Tendency to disrupt listening to form a replyl before the other person has finished talking
Competitive interrupting začněte se učit		Using interruptions to take control of a conversation
Vividness effect začněte se učit		The tendency for shocking, dramatic events to distort one's perception of reality
Emotion začněte se učit		The body's multidimensional response to any event that enhances or inhibits one's goals
3 categories of emotion začněte se učit		Joyful, Hostile, Sad
Social emotions začněte se učit		Emotions that arise out of social interactions
Amygdala začněte se učit		A cluster of neurons in the brain that largely controls the body's fear response
Action tendencies začněte se učit		Motivations to act in a particular way when experiencing an emotion
Valence začněte se učit		The positivity or negativity of an emotion
Primary emotions začněte se učit		Distinct emotional experiences not consisting of combinations of other emotions
Limbic system začněte se učit		Coordinates how the brain and nervous system regulate emotion and motivation
Secondary emotions začněte se učit		Emotions composed of combinations of primary emotions
Display rules začněte se učit		A social group's norms for how emotions should be expressed
Emotional contagion začněte se učit		The tendency to mimic other peoples' experiences and expressions
Alexithymia začněte se učit		A personality trait characterized by a relative inability to understand, process, and describe emotions
Emotional reappraisal začněte se učit		Changing how one thinks about a situation that induced negative emotions so the effect of the emotion is diminished
Jealousy začněte se učit		Feeling when a relationship feels threatened
Envy začněte se učit		Feeling when you want what someone else has

Comm Test 2

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