Czasowniki X, Y, Z

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otázka American English odpověď American English
to hit someone hard and repeatedly with a heavy weapon:
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bludgeon
The two boys had been mercilessly bludgeoned to death.
to force someone to do something
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bludgeon
The managers bludgeoned us into agreeing to the changes.
to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster
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spur
Rising consumer sales have the effect of spurring the economy to faster growth.
to make someone feel happy or satisfied, or to give someone pleasure:
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please
I only got married to please my parents.
to keep or continue to have something:
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retain
She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.
to repeatedly demand something from someone, often causing them to feel worried or angry:
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harry
She harried the authorities, writing letters and gathering petitions.
to make something certain to happen:
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ensure
The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.
to care for something or someone:
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tend
to put a group of soldiers in a place in order to live there and defend it:
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garrison
Troops are garrisoned in the area.
to prevent something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected:
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disrupt
Heavy snow disrupted travel into the city this morning.
to cover a place or thing with a large amount of water:
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swamp
High tides have swamped the coast.
to make something less clear and harder to understand, especially intentionally:
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obfuscate
Companies deliberately obfuscate figures in complicated annual reports.
to become misty
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mist
to stop work on an idea, plan, or job, but leaving it in such a way that you can start on it again at some point in the future:
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mothball
Six coal mines were mothballed in the hope that they could be reopened in a time of better economic conditions.
to keep someone closed in a place, often by force:
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confine
The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world.
to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way:
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confine
By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas).
to put a product in a new container, etc., or to sell a product or service in a new package or market it in a new way:
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repackage
Permission must be sought if a regulated product is to be imported and then labelled or repackaged in Canada.
to put yourself or someone else onto the official list of members of a course, college, or group:
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enroll
I enrolled for/in/on the modern art course. / Is it too late to enroll at the college?
to join three or more pieces of hair or string-like material by putting them over each other in a special pattern:
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braid 🇺🇸 / plait 🇬🇧
She braided the horse's tail.
to put seeds in or on the ground so that plants will grow:
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sow
We'll sow this field with barley.
to cause a bad emotion or condition to begin somewhere so that it will grow or continue:
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sow
Now that you've sown doubts in my mind, I'll never be sure I can trust him.
If something ... a need, requirement, or condition, it is good enough to do what is required.
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meet
We haven't yet been able to find a house that meets our needs/requirements.
to give something valuable to a person or organization that has lent you money, which they can keep if you fail to pay back the loan:
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pledge
Shares are frequently pledged as collateral for loans.
to replace something, especially something older or more old-fashioned:
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supersede
Most of the old road has been superseded by the great interstate highways.
to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do:
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intimidate
They were intimidated into accepting a pay cut by the threat of losing their jobs.
to spread things in an untidy way over a surface, or to be spread in an untidy way over a surface:
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strew
- strewed - strewn
Wine bottles and dirty dishes were strewn across the lawn.
If something ........ a person, system, or place, more of it arrives than can be easily dealt with:
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swamp
Don't let feelings of depression swamp you./ Foreign cars have swamped the UK market.
If clothes ........ you, they are much too big for you.
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swamp
to refuse to give something or to keep back something:
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withhold
Police are withholding the dead woman's name until her relatives have been informed.
to give a new appearance to a person or thing, especially in order to hide its true form:
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disguise
He disguised himself by wearing a false beard.
to hide an opinion, a feeling, etc.:
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disguise
I couldn't disguise my disappointment./ Strenuous efforts were made throughout the war to disguise the scale of civilian casualties.
to have something inside or include something as a part:
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contain
Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
to control or hide a strong emotion, such as excitement or anger:
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contain
She could no longer contain her anger and started yelling at him./
to attach a length of string or something similar by the ends, so that the middle hangs:
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string
They strung ribbons of bright paper around the room in preparation for the party.
If you are... by something, you are unable to respond to it because you are so surprised by it.
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floor
I didn't know what to say - I was completely floored.
to worry someone or make someone nervous:
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rattle
The creaking upstairs was starting to rattle me.
to get a large amount of something, especially money or information, by collecting it over a long period:
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amass
She has amassed a huge fortune from her novels.
to cause something or someone to change direction:
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divert
Our flight had to be diverted to Newark because of the storm.
To ... money or resources means to cause them to be used for a different purpose.
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divert
Should more funds/money/resources be diverted from roads into railways?
to get a large number of votes or prizes:
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scoop
The party is expected to scoop up the majority of the working-class vote.
to open the mouth wide and take a lot of air into the lungs and slowly send it out, usually when tired or bored:
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yawn
także: zionąć (np. smok)
I was so tired, I couldn't help yawning.
to criticize someone cruelly:
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savage
The performance was savaged by the media.
to criticize someone severely
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bash
He kept bashing local government officials.
to criticize someone, especially officially:
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rap
The headline read "Judge raps police".
to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work, or to formally ask for a special piece of work from someone:
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commission
The newspaper commissioned a series of articles on the worst excesses of the fashion industry.
If you... (at) something you take it or pull it away quickly
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snatch
He snatched the photos out of my hand before I had a chance to look at them./ Running the best race of his career, Fletcher snatched (= only just won) the gold medal from the Canadian champion.
to visit a person or place, usually for a short time:
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pay a visit/ call
I think I'll pay a visit to the library while I'm in town.
to make a building look new again by doing work such as painting, repairing, and cleaning:
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refurbish
The developers refurbished the house inside and out.
make (meat) more tender by beating or slow cooking.
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tenderize
to force something to happen or force someone to do something, especially quickly or unfairly:
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railroad
We were railroaded into signing the agreement.
to write and publish something that contains bad and false things about a person:
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libel
She claims the newspaper libelled her in editorials and news articles.
to describe someone in a negative way, or to make them be considered in a negative way, especially unfairly:
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tar
His reputation as a Vietnam War hero means he cannot easily be tarred with that old label of being "soft on defence".
to move or make progress so slowly that you are behind other people or things:
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lag
He's lagging behind - I think we'd better wait for him to catch us up.
to mention someone or something in a brief or indirect way:
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allude
He alluded to problems with the new computers.
to take something or someone away by force:
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snatch
She had her purse snatched (= stolen) while she was shopping.
to tell something secret or personal to someone who you trust not to tell anyone else:
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confide
"My husband doesn't know yet, but I'm going to leave him," she confided.
to persuade someone that something false is the truth, or to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage:
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deceive
The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones.
to refuse to accept the truth:
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deceive oneself
She thinks he'll come back, but she's deceiving herself.
to persuade, attract, or interest someone, sometimes in order to deceive them:
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beguile
He was completely beguiled by her beauty.
to defeat an enemy or opponent, especially in war:
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vanquish
Napoleon was vanquished at the battle of Waterloo in 1815.
If one side in a battle, contest, or dispute..., it wins
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prevail
He appears to have the votes he needs to prevail.
to be a sign of bad things in the future:
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augur ill/ bode ill
This weather bodes ill for the garden party tonight.
to say something as a joke, often making someone believe something that is not true:
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kid/ jest
Oh no, I forgot your birthday! Hey, just/only kidding!
to ask strangers (= people that you do not know) for money, especially in a public place:
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panhandle
He was arrested for panhandling.
to reduce the speed that a vehicle is travelling at:
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decelerate
The car decelerated at the sight of the police car.
a right to have or get something from someone, or to use something:
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dibs on sth
Dibs on the front seat!
to become pink in the face, usually from embarrassment:
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blush
I always blush when I speak in public.
a piece of new information given in a film, television series, etc. that changes, or gives a different way of understanding, what has gone before.
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retcon
to officially approve a decision or plan without thinking about it:
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rubber-stamp
The boss makes the decisions and the committee just rubber-stamps them.
to include something, often as one of a number of things:
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embrace
Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics.
to understand something completely:
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comprehend
I fail to comprehend their attitude.
to try to get something, especially attention or support from other people:
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court
She courts publicity by inviting journalists to extravagant parties.
to risk something unpleasant, especially by behaving stupidly or carelessly:
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court
Drinking and driving is simply courting disaster.
to try to please someone because you want them to join you:
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court
Adams is being courted by a number of football clubs.
to change a plan completely 🇺🇸
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flip-flop
to take equipment or weapons out of use:
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decommission
The government has decided to decommission two battleships.
to (cause to) become, change into, or come to be something:
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turn
When I refused to pay, he turned nasty.
to mean something, or be a sign of:
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signify
In this picture, red represents sulfur and green signifies hydrogen.
to make something known; to show:
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signify
All those in favor, please signify by raising your hands.
to put something in a bag:
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bag
Shall I bag (up) those tomatoes for you?
to get something before other people have a chance to take it: 🇬🇧
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bag
Bag us some decent seats.
to win sth, especially a prize 🇬🇧
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bag
He's the bookies' favourite to bag an Oscar.
to not use something that you have, and use something else instead: 🇺🇸
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bag
Bag that old gray sweater, and wear something more colorful.
to hunt and capture or kill an animal or bird:
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bag
Only 15 percent of last year’s hunters actually bagged a deer.
to put things or people next to each other, esp. in order to compare them:
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juxtapose
The exhibition juxtaposes Picasso's early drawings with some of his later works.
to cause a person or group to experience bad luck:
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jinx
I thought we would win, but I didn't say so – I didn't want to jinx it.
to have a pause or rest during a formal meeting or trial:
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adjourn
The meeting was adjourned until Tuesday.
to bring back swallowed food into the mouth:
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regurgitate
to reach or succeed in getting something:
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attain
We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.
to bring together a group of people for a meeting, or to meet for a meeting:
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convene
The prime minister convened (a meeting of) his cabinet to discuss the matter.
to cause a person or animal to suffer or worry:
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torment
The camera focused on a group of women whose faces were tormented by/with (= showed that they were suffering) grief.
to provide, and sometimes serve, food for an occasion or event:
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cater
Who catered your party?
to praise something very much:
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rave
She raved about/over the clothes she had seen at the Paris fashion shows.
to try to force someone to do something by threatening them or persuading them forcefully and unfairly:
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browbeat
He objected that McDonald was browbeating the witness.
to throw several objects up into the air, and then catch and throw them up repeatedly so that one or more stays in the air, usually in order to entertain people:
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juggle
We all watched in amazement as he juggled with three flaming torches.
to make a bad situation worse:
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aggravate
Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion.
to argue about things that are not important:
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bicker
Will you two stop bickering!
to start burning:
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catch fire
When the grass in the yard caught fire, I thought the whole house was going to burn down.
to criticize:
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slam sb
Although the reviewers slammed the play, the audience loved it.
assign to a category, especially inaccurately or restrictively.
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label
If you spend any time in prison, you're labelled as a criminal for the rest of your life.
to be too much to deal with:
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overwhelm
The number of refugees overwhelmed the relief agencies in the area.
If you ... something such as a defeat, loss, or injury, it happens to you.
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sustain
Every aircraft in there has sustained some damage.
If something ... you, it supports you by giving you help, strength, or encouragement.
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sustain
The cash dividends they get from the cash crop would sustain them during the lean season
If you ....... something, you continue it or maintain it for a period of time
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sustain
But he has sustained his fierce social conscience from young adulthood through old age
When someone ......, their eyebrows become drawn together, because they are annoyed, worried, or puzzled, or because they are concentrating.
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frown
He frowned at her anxiously.
If you ... a hole, you block it with something.
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plug
Crews are working to plug a major oil leak.
If one event ... with another, they happen at the same time.
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coincide
The exhibition coincides with the 50th anniversary of his death
If you ...... a question, you ask it
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pose
If something ...... a problem or a danger, it is the cause of that problem or danger.
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pose
This could pose a threat to jobs in the coal industry.
If you give your ... to something, you give someone permission to do it.
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consent
Pollard finally gave his consent to the search.
If a place is ... by someone or something, they make it dirty.
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foul
Two oil-related accidents have fouled the ocean and the skies there
If you... /... something, you imagine that it is true, real, or likely to happen.
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envision/ envisage
He envisages the possibility of establishing direct diplomatic relations in the future.
If something such as hair ... from a person or animal, or if they... it, it grows on them.
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sprout
również brode
Kevin is sprouting a few grey hairs.
If you ... with a problem or difficulty, you try hard to solve it.
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grapple with something
The economy is just one of several critical problems the country is grappling with.
If someone is... from a position of power, job, or place, they are forced to leave it.
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oust
... the ousted government
If you... clothes, you iron them in order to get rid of the creases.
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press
... clean, neatly pressed, conservative clothes
If you... someone somewhere, you tell them how to get there.
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direct
Could you direct them to Dr Lamont's office, please?
If someone...... a particular place, they regularly go there.
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frequent
I hear he frequents the Cajun restaurant in Hampstead

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