otázka  |
odpověď |
|
začněte se učit
|
|
taking disadvantage of another person's trust out of purely selfish reasons
|
|
|
institutional transitions začněte se učit
|
|
fundamental and comprehensive changes introduced to the formal and informal rulesof the game that affect organizations as players
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
firms and managers rationally pursue their interests and make choices within the given institutional framework; formal and informal institutions are combined to govern firm behaviour
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
political systems, economic systems, legal systems
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
systems of the rules of the game on how a country is governed politically; democracry, authoritarianism
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
risks associated with political changes that can negatively impact domestic and foreign firms
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
rules of the game on how a country is governed economically; market economy, command economy
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
"invisible hand" of market forces exists
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
all factors of production are owned and controlled by the government or the state
|
|
|
the varieties-of-capitalism view začněte se učit
|
|
economies have different inherent logics of how markets coordinate economic activity
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
vocational training system for crafts and professions
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
the rules of the game on how a country's laws are enacted and enforced
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
precedents and traditions shape legal tradition
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
the rule of law that has been created by precedents of cases in court
|
|
|
intellectual property rights začněte se učit
|
|
patents, copyrights, trademarks
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
legal rights awarded by government authorities to inventors of new technological ideas, who are given exclusive (monopoly) rights to derive income from such inventions
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
exclusive legal rights of authors and publishers to publish and disseminate their work
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
exclusive rights of firms to use specific names, brands and designs to differentiate their products from others
|
|
|
institutions (according to Douglas North) začněte se učit
|
|
humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic and social interaction
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
formal constraints that consist of formal rules, laws and agreements
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
half fromal, half informal constraints, that consist of informal expectations, attitudes, and transaction rules; they answer the question of how one should behave
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
informal constraints that consist of broadly shared convictions and cognitive structures; deeply ingrained ground rules
|
|
|
institutions (economists view) začněte se učit
|
|
reduce uncertainty; make transaction costs visible
|
|
|
institutions (sociologists view) začněte se učit
|
|
|
|
|
institutional isomorphism začněte se učit
|
|
the processes that force a unit within a population to become more similar to other units with a similar institutional context
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
coercive (through regulation), mimetic (through imitation), normative (through shared norms)
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
rules on how shareholders and other stakeholderscan control managers
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
the state, the market, civil society
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
corrective approach, rules result from rationalization and regulation of human activities; the state
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
competitive approach, rules result from free market of supply and demand; the market
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
cooperative approach, rules result from respect and esteem for, connectedness with, loyalty to the group
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
Liberal Market Model (anglo-saxon model), Coordinated Market Model (social market model), Asian Model
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
the dependence of economic outcomes on the path of previous outcomes; how history matters, and how it shapes the present
|
|
|
stages of economic development (Douglas North) začněte se učit
|
|
1. Trade within the village, 2. Trade beyond the village, 3. Long Distance Trade, 4. Urbanisation, 5. Modern Trade
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
gaps in the institutional framework; absence of intermediary firms; omissions in regulatory systems on which multinational companies depend
|
|
|
institutional development začněte se učit
|
|
process of turning less complex system into a more complex one
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
changing the system from one, to another type; shock therapy/gradual approach
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
rapid replacement, all at once (e.g. Poland, Russia)
|
|
|
|
začněte se učit
|
|
emphasizes learning and slow adaptation (e.g. China, Vietnam)
|
|
|
