Językoznawstwo

41. **The Role of Dramatic Monologue in Romantic Poetry (Based on "My Last Duchess"):**

character speaks to a silent listener, revealing their thoughts and feelings. in my last duchess" by Robert Browning, the Duke of Ferrara speaks to envoy about his deceased wife, revealing his jealousy, possessiveness, and arrogance. lets listemer

42. **Four Currents within 19th Century English Literature + Poets:**

Romanticism: William Wordsworth, John Keats and Lord Byron. - Victorianism: Lord Tennyson, Robert/elizabeth Browning - Realism: Thomas Hardy, George Eliot, Charles Dickens, - Gothic Revival: Allan Poe, Christina Rossetti, Gerard Manley Hopkins,

43. **Main Features of Neoclassicism in English Literature:**

emphasizes order, reason, and adherence to classical models. formal structure in literature, rejecting the emotional excesses of Romanticism. explores moral themes and societal values, drawing inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman literature.

44. **The Philosophical Foundations of Neoclassical Literature:**

has its foundation in ancient greek and roman art, rooted in the philosophical principles of the Enlightenment, which emphasized reason, logic, - writers sought to apply these principles by adhering to classical forms, moral themes, rational discourse

45. **Origins of the English Novel (Features, Names, Titles, Examples)

emerged in the 18th century as a new literary form characterized by prose narrative and a focus on everyday life. - Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" (1719) is considered one of the earliest English novels, Samuel Richardson "Pamela" Henry Fielding"Tom Jones,"

46. **The Contribution of Daniel Defoe to English Literature:**

- one of the early pioneers of the English novel. "Robinson Crusoe", is often regarded as the first English novel and is celebrated for its realistic portrayal of human psychology and survival -"Moll Flanders" and "Roxana" are other novels of his

47. **Main Features of an Epistolary Novel (Based on Samuel Richardson’s Works):**

epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of letters exchanged between characters. -- Samuel Richardson's "Pamela" where the protagonist recounts her experiences through letters to her parents -provide, create suspense through multiple perspectives

48. **Definition of a Picaresque Novel (Based on Henry Fielding’s Works):**

A picaresque novel is a genre of prose fiction that depicts the adventures of a roguish or anti-heroic protagonist, known as a picaro - Henry Fielding's "The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling" follows misadventures of the titular character as he encounter

49. **Jonathan Swift as a Satirist:**

Jonathan Swift was an Irish writer known for his biting satire -"Gulliver's Travels" (1726), is a satirical exploration of human nature, society, and politics through the lens of fantastical voyages - other"A Modest Proposal" and "The Battle of the Books"

50. **Tristram Shandy as an Experimental, Self-Conscious Novel:**

LaurenceSterne 9volumes -unconventional narrative structure, digressions, and metafictional elements -novel is selfconscious in awareness of its own construction, with the narrator frequently addressing the reader and commenting on the process of writing

51. **18th Century English Gothic Novel (Walpole, Radcliffe, Lewis) + Features:**

horror romance supernatu-Horace Walpole's "The Castle of Otranto" - Ann Radcliffe's "The Mysteries of Udolpho" -Matthew Lewis's "The Monk" -Gothic novels include gloomy settings, ancestral curses, secrets, and a fascination with the irrational and macabre

52. **Features of a Gothic Novel (Topics, Setting, Characters):**

Topics: Supernatural elements, mysteries, ancient curses, secrets, macabre -Setting: often in remote, eerie locations such as castles, monasteries, or haunted houses -Charact: damsels in distress, tyrannical villains, tormented heroes, supernatural beings

53. **Explanation of the Notion of the Sublime and Its Connection with Gothic Fiction:**

sublime refers to a sense of awe-inspiring greatness or terror that transcends ordinary experience -in gothic fiction often evoked through descriptions of vast, terrifying landscapes or encounters with the supernatural. used to sense of unease or wonder

54. **Main Ideas and Universal Motifs of Mary Shelley’s "Frankenstein":**

dangers of scientific ambition, the nature of humanity, the consequences of isolation, and the search for identity. - Universal motifs include the creation of life, the pursuit of knowledge, the duality of human nature, and the hubris of playing god

55. **Victorian Gothic:**

emerged during the Victorian era and retained many elements of earlier Gothic fiction. reflected Victorian anxieties about industrialization, social change, and scientific progress. Bram Stoker's "Dracula" Stevenso "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde."

56. **Late Victorian/Decadent Gothic:**

motifs include moral decay, societal decadence, the supernatural, and psychological exploration -Oscar Wilde ("The Picture of Dorian Gray") and Robert Louis Stevenson ("The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde")

57. **The Contribution of Walter Scott to British Literature:**

Walter Scott was a Scottish novelist, poet, and historian who is often credited with popularizingthe historical novel -"Waverley"and "Ivanhoe"depicted historical events and characters in a fictionalized manner -influencing writers such as Charles Dickens

58. **19th Century English Historical Novel:**

characterized by its focus on past events and figures, often set against a backdrop of political or social upheaval -Walter Scott, Charles Dickens, George Eliot -"Waverley" by Walter Scott, "Barnaby Rudge" by Charles Dickens, and "Romola" by George Eliot.

59. **Definition of the Novel of Manners + Authors and Examples:**

literary genre that focuses on the social behavior, customs, and values of a particular social class or community. Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice," Edith Wharton's "The Age of Innocence," and Henry James's "The Portrait of a Lady."