jklmnopqrs

jacket potatoes

potatoes cooked or baked without being peeled; ziemniaki w mundurkach. I'll have chicken with jacket potatoes.

jackpot

the highest prize; najwyższa wygrana, najwyższa nagroda. Mary won the jackpot!

jagged

with a sharp surface (about a knife or rocks); wyszczerbiony, postrzępiony. She was trying to slice the bread with a jagged knife.

jet lag

a feeling of discomfort and tiredness after travelling by plane; złe samopoczucie objawiające się zmęczeniem po podróży samolotem. This jet lag is killing me!

jigsaw / jigsaw puzzle

a puzzle where you are supposed to put many small elements together to make a large picture; puzzle, układanka. The children were busy with the jigsaw they were given.

josh

to tease, to mock, to annoy someone; drażnić, wyśmiewać, nabijać się z kogoś. Will these kids forever josh the teacher about her tousled hair?

joyride

to steal a car just for fun of driving it; a ride on a stolen car; jeździć kradzionym samochodem (dla zabawy); przejażdżka kradzionym samochodem. They were foolish enough to go on a joyride.

justified

explained, clear, just; uzasadniony. I don't think your doubts are justified.

justify

to explain reasons for something; uzasadniać. How can you justify your choice?

keenly

extremely, willingly, strongly, with interest; żywo, zawzięcie, uważnie. They seemed to be keenly interested in the game.

keenness

extreme interest, willingness, eagerness; gorliwość, zapał. Her keenness appeared slightly suspicious to us.

keepsake

a small, usually inexpensive thing that makes you remember somebody; pamiątka (po kimś, czegoś, od kogoś). You may find it funny, but this pen is a very precious keepsake.

kennel

a small "house" for a dog kept outdoors; a shelter for homeless dogs; buda dla psa; schronisko dla psów. The dog's kennel was dirty and neglected.

kidder

someone who makes jokes; a cheater; żartoniś; oszust. I'm sure that kidder deceived you.

kind_hearted

kind, good; życzliwy, dobrotliwy. She was a kind_hearted woman in fact.

know_all

a person who believes he or she knows everything best; mądrala. Now tell me what we're going to do, you know_all.

knowingly

with awareness (of effects); with knowledge or signs of knowledge about something; świadomie, celowo; porozumiewawczo. The moment she smiled knowingly at her peers I understood that the issue had been far more complex than it had appeared.

knowledgeable

knowing much about different subjects or a lot about one subject area; o szerokim zakresie wiedzy. He was an exceptionally knowledgeable man.

laconic

short, not full; lakoniczny. His laconic replies are insufficient.

ladylike

distinguished, elegant, refined (about a woman); wytworny, dystyngowany. She's so different from her mother, who's a ladylike woman.

ladylike

polite, socially corresct, like a lady; wytworna, dystyngowana. I wouldn't say her behaviour was ladylike in fact.

laid_back

relaxed, not tending to worry; wyluzowany, swobodny, na luzie. Tim seems a laid_back person.

lamely

unconvincingly, in a weak manner; nieprzekonywająco, bez przekonania, niepewnie."I was really too busy to answer your call", he said lamely.

landslide

a mass of earth and rocks moving down qiuckly; obsunięcie się ziemi. According to the press, there were no further landslides.

latitude

the distance between a given point and the Equator; freedom; freedom to do something in the way one considers the right one; szerokość geograficzna; wolność, swoboda. You should appreciate the latitude you have been allowed.

lawbreaking

breaking the law; łamanie prawa. How long is he going to remain unpunished? Lawbreaking is what he got really used to!

layout

a graphic design, a plan; układ, rozkład; układ graficzny; szkic. You must be careful when it comes to the layout of a formal letter.

lazybones

someone lazy; leń, wałkoń. get up, lazybones! It's almost twelve!

leafy

full of trees; zielony (o terenie). Many parks have been created here. These leafy areas are much more friendly than the city centre.

lean

slim, thin; szczupły, chudy. Mary's really lean and fit!

lecture

an academic 'lesson'; wykład. How do you find the lecture he delivered?

lecturer

someone who gives lectures, e.g. at the university; wykładowca. He's a fascinating author but a very bad lecturer.

left_luggage office

a place where you can leave your luggage at e.g. a railway station; przechowalnia bagażu. Why don't you leave your suitcase at the left_luggage office?

leftish

tending toward the political left; lewicujący, lewicowy. Hard times have come for these few leftish papers in Poland.

leg_pull

a cheat, trickery; oszustwo, oszukaństwo. They're going to notice that leg_pull sooner or later.

leisure

spare time; wolny czas. Have you ever asked her what she's doing in her leisure?

leisurely

relaxed, not hasty; spokojny, powolny, luźny. We took a leisurely walk in the woods.

lesion

a wound, an injury; rana, obrażenie, uszkodzenie (ciała). The doctors said that lesion would be difficult to cure.

life belt

an item that helps you survive if you fall into water unexpectedly; koło ratunkowe. But for the life belt I wouldn't have survived.

light_fingered

likely to steal things; pickpocketer; złodziejski; złodziejaszek, kieszonkowiec. He has always been a light_fingered guy.

light_footed

moving lightly; lekki, lekko się poruszający. Betty was a light_footed dancer.

linesman

a person who officially states whether the ball in a sports game crossed a mark or not; sędzia liniowy. Can you see the two linesmen? Their job is to help the referee.

literal

basic, real, original; dosłowny, literalny. What is the literal meaning of this word?

lively

energetic, full of life; żywotny, żywy (energiczny). She used to be an incredibly lively child.

long_acting

working longer than something (usually medicine) of the same sort; o przedłużonym działaniu (np. lek). Remember that it's a long_acting painkiller.

long_tongued

eager to gossip; talkative; gadatliwy, plotkarski, niedyskretny. I wouldn't trust those long_tongued classmates of yours.

lounge

a hall; a waiting room; a room to relax; hol, poczekalnia, bawialnia. The hotel guests were sitting in the lounge.

low_spirited

depressed, miserable, unhappy; przygnębiony, w złym stanie ducha, przybity. He's never been so low_spirited before.

lump

a piece, a shapeless piece of something; a separate part; bryła, gruda, grudka, część. She put a big lump of salt into the pot_ the soup's going to taste awful.

lushly

abundantly, in a rich manner; bujnie, dorodnie; luksusowo. Our friends chose to stay in a lushly equipped suite.

magnificent

great, impressive; wspaniały, świetny. The magnificent collection of the artist's works will be exhibited on Saturday.

magnifying glass

a device that enlarges a picture, object, etc.; lupa, szkło powiększające. As a child I loved looking at things with my grandma's magnifying glass.

maintain

To keep something in good condition, to take care of something; to take care of someone by providing them with food, money, etc.; zachowywać coś; konserwować; utrzymywać kogoś, mieć na utrzymaniu. It’s not enough to buy a car, you’ll have to maintain it!

maintenance

supporting something or someone, making something work; utrzymanie, konserwacja. podtrzymywanie. That car is rather old and needs careful maintenance

malice

the act or quality of being malicious; złośliwość. They've done it out of malice.

malicious

wishing evil to others; złośliwy. He's a malicious disgusting guy and you should beware of him.

manageable

possible to manage; easy to maintain; wykonalny; łatwy w utrzymaniu. I always ask my hairdresser for a manageable hairdo.

manageable

possible to cope with; wykonalny, możliwy lub łatwy do wykonania. Start with a manageable task.

masterpiece

an exceptional piece of art; something outstanding; arcydzieło. Her first novel was a real masterpiece.

mature

behaving in an adult_like way, responsible; grown_updojrzały. I believe Sally is mature enough for this responsible task.

maze

a set of paths that is difficult to get out of; something complicated; labirynt; gąszcz, gmatwanina. His paper is just a maze of unspecified notions.

meagre

thin; slim; insufficient, small; szczupły; skąpy; skromny, niewielki. Her earnings, though meagre, satisfy her needs.

mediocre

of poor quality; mierny. His latest film is a mediocre production.

meek

mild, patient, easily persuaded; łagodny, potulny. You can’t be so meek whenever he tells you what to do.

melt

to become liquid (of e.g. ice); roztapiać się, rozpuszczać. The snow melted and there was mud and water all over the area.

mend

to repair; naprawiać, reperować. Tim's a very practical boy, he's mended lots of things around the house.

mention

to say about sth/sb briefly; a brief comment or remark; czynić wzmiankę wspominać o; wzmianka. The movie was mentioned by the journalist, but he didn't seem to understand it.

merciful

showing mercy, that is forgiveness and kindness; miłosierny, litościwy. He is said to have been a merciful ruler.

merciless

showing no mercy; bezlitosny. They couldn't bear the merciless heat.

mightily

powerfully; with great effort; to a great degree; potężnie, z wielką mocą; w dużym stopniu. They were struggling mightily with injustice.

mince

to cut into very small pieces; to chop; chopped meat; mielić, mleć; siekać; mięso mielone. Add some mince to the tomato sauce.

minute

tiny; detailed; mały, drobny, maleńki; dokładny, szczegółowy. The children were collecting minute shells and stones.

misbehave

to be disobedient or impolite; źle się zachowywać. Her children often misbehave.

misbehaved

impolite, rude, behaving in a wrong way; źle się zachowujący, niegrzeczny. I wouldn't call Tim a misbehaved child. He simply doesn't always know what's wrong and what's right.

misbehaviour

wrong, unsuitable behaviour; złe zachowanie, niewłaściwe zachowanie. Jimmy was punished for misbehaviour.

miserable

really unhappy; wretched; nieszczęśliwy, żałosny, nędzny. she found herself in a miserable situation.

misery

poverty; unhappiness; distress; nędza; niedola; nieszczęście. In this poor town generations spent their lives in misery.

misfortune

An unlucky or not desirable event.; nieszczęście, pech. Missing the train was a real misfortune.

mishandle

to treat without sufficient skill; to manage inefficiently; źle się obchodzić, obchodzić się nieumiejętnie; nieumiejętnie prowadzić, działać nieskutecznie. He mishandled the negotiations.

mishear

to hear something not accurately or entirely wrongly; nie dosłyszeć; źle usłyszeć. You must have misheard what she really said.

misunderstand

to understand something in a wrong way; źle zrozumieć, błędnie zrozumieć. You must have misunderstood what I was telling you.

misunderstanding

wrong understanding of something, usually of what someone said; nieporozumienie. Such accomodation during the conference is a misunderstanding.

moan

to produce a painful sound; a painful sound; jęczeć, jęk. The boy fell down and started to moan.

mock

not real; sztuczny, nieprawdziwy. Do you know the day of our mock exam?

monastery

a building where monks live; klasztor. The room overlooked an old monastery

monk

a person who belongs to a religious group and leads a life of religious practice; mnich. We also met some Buddhist monks on our way.

morsel

a little bit; kęs, kawałek. She's only had a morsel of bread today.

mottled

having blotches and spots of colour; nakrapiany, cętkowany. She was wearing mottled trousers and a sweatshirt.

mount

to climb; wspinać się, wdrapywać. He mounted up the stairs with effort.

mudguard

a fender; a piece of metal above the wheels of a vehicle that protects them and/or the rider from mud; błotnik. The mudguard has loosened, you must fix it.

mugger

a thief that attacks people in the street; uliczny złodziej, rabuś, rzezimieszek. She slipped and broke her arm when the mugger attacked her.

murmur

to speak quietly and usually not audibly or clearly; mruczeć, mamrotać. She just murmured something I coldn't understand.

mutter

to speak quietly and unclearly; mruczeć, mamrotać. I can’t hear you! Stop muttering, speak up!

mutton

meat from adult sheep; baranina. He hates mutton, so we have to order something else.

mutual

shared or experienced by two or more people; wzajemny, obopólny; wspólny. Many yeas after the graduation, we met at a party held by our mutual friend.

muzzle

an item you put on a dog's mouth to make sure it doesn't bite anybody; kaganiec. Have you got a muzzle? You can't travel with your dog without one.

nagging

continually complaining; unpleasant and continuous; swarliwy, kłótliwy; dokuczliwy. She complained of a nagging headache.

narrow_minded

not open, not interested in ideas different from one's own; ograniczony (o człowieku, horyzoncie myślowym). If Paul's so narrow_minded as you're telling me, I don't think I'm gonna discuss this issue with him.

nativity play

a play staged before or during Christmas, dealing with the subject of the birth of Jesus Christ; szopka bożonarodzeniowa (przedstawienie). The children at my daughter's school have already started to prepare a nativity play

neglect

to not do something well enough, to not look after something or someone one is supposed to take care of; zaniedbywać. Sheila has neglected her duties.

neglectful

treating something or someone without adequate care and seriousness; niedbały, zaniedbujący. Caroline is rather neglectful of her duties.

newcomer

someone who has recently arrived somewhere; nowoprzybyły, przybysz. Henry's a newcomer to the area and doesn't know how to move around.

nibble

(at) to eat slowly; skubać (jedzenie), jeść powoli. She was nibbling at potatoes, apparently troubled by something important.

nice_looking

attractive, good_looking; atrakcyjny, przystojny, ładny. Who is that nice_looking boy?

noisome

unpleasant; harmful; przykry; szkodliwy. I couldn't stand that noismoe smell.

nomad

a person who moves from place to place and doesn't stay in one place for a long time; koczownik. During his journey he met a group of nomads.

nomadic

moving from place to place; koczowniczy. This tribe leads a nomadic life.

non_violent

not involving violence; pokojowy, bez użycia siły. They organized a non_violent protest.

nonbeliever

a person who doesn't believe in any god; osoba niewierząca. As a nonbeliever, Jim felt a bit awkward at the ceremony.

nose stud

a stud (a piece of jewellery) you wear in the nose; kolczyk do nosa. What would your mother say if you told her that you were going to have a nose stud?

notable

remarkable, important, worth notice, famous, well_known; godny uwagi; znaczący; wybitny, znakomity. She's made notable progress since September.

notorious

infamous, known for something bad; notoryczny, jawny. He was a notorious criminal.

notoriously

very (in a negative sense), in a way where someone or something is infamous for something continuous; notorycznie, bezustannie. Some crimes are notoriously difficult to prove.

nudge

to push someone with the elbow; to persuade; trącać łokciem, szturchać; namawiać. Martin nudged his mate and they left the room

nuisance

something or someone that causes trouble or worry; utrapienie. John's such a nuisance!

numb

unable to move, insensitive; zdrętwiały, skostniały, bez czucia. I was so frightened, just numb.

nutbrown

brown, brown like a nut; brązowy, orzechowy. I love her nutbrown eyes.

obedient

polite; following others' instructions or orders; posłuszny. Alice is an obedient girl, so you won't have problems baby_sitting her.

obnoxious

disgusting; causing disapproval; nieprzyjemny, wstrętny, przykry. An obnoxious smell was coming from the basement.

obstinate

stubborn; uparty; uporczywy. That obstinate girl won't listen to me. Perhaps you could talk her out of the idea?

odorous

having a strong smell; sweet_smelling; pachnący, wonny. My aunt planted some odorous flowers.

off_licence

a shop where alcoholic drinks are sold (AmE liquor store); sklep monopolowy. There's an off_licence on the corner.

one_sided

dealing with one aspect of an issue only; jednostronny. Her judgement is one_sided and I won't let others think the same.

onerous

troublesome, difficult, involving effort; uciążliwy, pracochłonny. She wasn't aware of the onerous duties she was going to face.

open_air

taking place outside; na świeżym powietrzu, na zewnątrz (o miejscu, wydarzeniu) Let's sit in the open_air area of the restaurant.

open_minded

open, not prejudiced; otwarty, wolny od uprzedzeń. Sally has always been an open_minded person.

ophthalmologist

a doctor who specializes in eye diseases; okulista. Have you noticed that she blinks quite often? I think you should visit an ophthalmologist.

oppress

to govern people in a way that makes them feel humiliated; to make people feel bad; ciemiężyć, uciskać, gnębić (także o myślach, uczuciach). The cruel emperor opressed his nation.

oppressive

limiting freedom; worrying, oppressing; oparty na ucisku; ciemiężący; gnębiący, przytłaczający. Those oppressive thoughts make me feel so uncomfortable I can't sleep at night.

oppressive

wearisome, burdensome; cruel and unfair; męczący, uciążliwy; ciemiężczy. They were fed up with the oppressive weather.

orderly

organized; tidy; quiet; zorganizowany, porządny; spokojny. Sometimes he wished his daily life was orderly and peaceful.

outline

a preliminary plan; to make a sketch; to describe roughly; zarys, szkic; szkicować, przedstawiać w zarysach. Are you fond of the plan they outlined?

outline

a general shape or scheme; a general description of basic points; to make or show a general shape of something; zarys, szkic; szkicować; przedstawiać w zarysie. The author oulines the major theories of international migration.

outrage

to cause anger; an offence, an insult; oburzać, obrażać; oburzenie, obraza. The employees outraged at the new policy.

outrageous

shocking, offensive; szokujący, obraźliwy. Her behaviour was outrageous, if you ask me.

outstanding

not paid or not solved yet; zaległy, niezałatwiony. There are some issues outstanding. They must be solved asap.

outstanding

better or more interesting than others; wyjątkowy, niezwykły. Their outstanding performance really impressed me.

overcook

to cook something for too long; rozgotować; gotować za długo. The meal consisted of overcooked vegetables and some awful meat.

overcrowded

containing too many people; przeludniony, bardzo zatłoczony. This part of Tokyo is really overcrowded

overjoyed

very happy; ucieszony, rozradowany. Meg was overjoyed at the wonderful news.

overlook

to not notice something, to ignore; to have a view on something; przeoczyć, pominąć; wychodzić na (np. okno wychodzące na). I can have overlooked some mistakes in his essay, so I need to check it once more.

overpay

to pay too much, to pay more than sth is worth; przepłacać. If you ask me, you must have overpaid.

override

to appear more important than sth else; to not accept; przesłaniać, odsuwać na dalszy plan; nie uwzględniać, lekceważyć. Sandra's concern for her children's health overrides everything else.

overripe

too ripe to be eaten, spoilt; przejrzały. The cupboard smells. Old forgetful Miss Helen kept overripe fruit in here.

overripe

too ripe; przejrzały, nadpsuty. I could smell overripe fruit and something else that I couldn't identify.

overtake

pass someone; to be quicker than someone else; wyprzedzać, prześcigać. He was trying to overtake the other cyclist and then the accident happened.

overwhelm

about a strong emotion) to be felt intensively; to force someone and thus defeat; przytłaczać, miażdżyć, unicestwiać. Claire was overwhelmed with sorrow after she’d heard the news.

overwork

to work too much; przepracowywać się. I don't think you've been overworking lately.

package holiday

a holiday where everything (accommodation, transport, meals) is arranged by a travel agent; wakacje zorganizowane (obejmujące zakwaterowanie, przejazd, posiłki). I think that a package holiday will be the best option.

painkiller

a drug that soothes pain; środek przeciwbólowy. The doctor advised not to take this painkiller before meals.

painstaking

very careful or done very carefully; drobiazgowy, sumienny. The painstaking job she’s done turned out completely useless!

pampered

spolit (about a child); rozpieszczony. Her daughter is pampered and naughty.

panic_stricken

overwhelmed with panic; opanowany paniką, strachem, w popłochu. He found it challenging to control the panic_stricken crowd.

parallel

if two lines are parallel, they never meet; a parallel line; very similar; taking place at the same time as another event; równoległy (o linii, ulicy, zdarzeniu); linia równoległa; podobny. They conducted a parallel study in Germany.

partake

to participate in, to share; uczestniczyć, brać w czymś udział. The kids were sorry they couldn't partake in the celebration.

pedantic

excessively interested in rules and order; pedantyczny. John's mother has always been pedantic, which wasn't easy for him.

peel

to get rid of the thick outer layer of a fruit/vegetable; obierać ze skórki. I must peel the potatoes, will you answer the phone?

peel

to reduce the outer layer of a fruit or vegetable; obierać (warzywa, owoce). Could you peel the potatoes, please?

peephole

a hole in a door through which one can look outside; wizjer, judasz. I could see nothing through the peephole and was too scared to open the door.

peer

to look carefully, as if through the fog etc.; przyglądać się, przypatrywać, patrzeć uważnie, wytężać wzrok. She was peerring through the fog but couldn't notice the car.

perch

to sit (e.g. on a branch); a place where birds sit; a place to sit; przycupnąć, usadowić się, przycupnąć; grzęda; miejsce, na którym chwilowo się siedzi. A sparrow perched on the window sill waiting for some bread crumbs.

perennial

unchangeable, always existing; wieczny, odwieczny, niezmienny. The way of bringing up the children is a perennial source of conflict between them.

permissible

oficially allowed; dozwolony. Is the use of dictionaries permissible during the exam?

perpendicular

at an angle of 90° to a surface or line; a perpendicular line; prostopadły; linia prostopadła. You were supposed to draw a perpendicular (line) and what have you done?

perplexed

confused or worried; zakłopotany; zdumiony. I had an impression she was sort of perplexed.

pimpled

with pimples, that is, spots on one's face; pryszczaty. Who's that pimpled guy?

pinch

to squeeze somebody's skin so that it hurts; uszczypnąć, szczypać. Mummy, Joe pinched my arm! Tell him to stop it!

pinpoint

to make something specific; to explain; locate exactly; precyzowac, dokładnie określać, lokalizować. She always found it hard to pinpoint what her brother really meant.

pinwheel

a toy which goes round when the air blows; wiatraczek dziecięcy. the kids wanted me to buy colourful pinwheels.

pitfall

a problem which is likely to occur in certain circumstances; pułapka, niebezpieczeństwo. I think you ought to talk to her about the pitfalls she should avoid.

placard

big sheet of paper designed to advertise or inform; plakat, afisz. They brought some colourful placards to put them on the wall.

placid

calm, balanced; spokojny, łagodny. Both her children are really placid and cheerful.

platform

the place where you wait before you get on a train; peron. I was happy to see her waiting for me on the platform.

playful

funny or intended to be funny; full of life and humour; zabawny, żartobliwy, figlarny. Look at these playful kittens! They're so sweet!

plead

appeal, request, enter a plea; prosić, błagać, bronić, wstawiać się za. The traitor pleaded for mercy.

plough

to prepare land for growing plants by digging it; a tool to do that; orać; pług. My guests from Germany were surprised to see a real plough in the field in Poland.

pluck

bravery, courage; hart ducha, odwaga. The pluck he revealed surprised everybody.

plucky

brave; odważny. It was extremely plucky of him to disagree.

plumb

to examine; to understand; badać, zgłębiać, zrozumieć. Your attempts to plumb these areas of human experience are purposeless. You can't learn it from books.

plump

with a rounded body; pulchny, zaokrąglony. All Tim's girlfriends were short and plump.

plunge

when you dive; a jump into water; nur; skok do wody. take the plunge, to make a crucial and critical decision; podjąć rozstrzygajacą, istotną decyzję. She says she'd love to do some different job, but she's too scared to take the plunge.

polarity

great difference; różnica, rozbieżność. The polarity of their personalities must result in a conflict.

polish

to make sth smooth; to make sth better; polerować, szlifować, podszlifować, udoskonalać. Sue went to Paris to polish her French.

portable

(about an object) light enough to be carried easily; przenośny. He always takes a portable tv with him.

postpone

to hold back to a later time, to delay; odkładać na później, odraczać, zwlekać. We had to postpone our trip because of bad weather.

prank

a trick, a joke; (arch) psota, figiel, kawał; wybryk. Granny doesn't approve of such pranks, Johny.

prate

to talk much; dużo mówić, nawijać. She spent the whole break prating about clothes.

premature

happening sooner than it should; przedwczesny; pochopny. Your complaints are premature, the final outcome isn't known yet.

preoccupy

to demand a lot of time and thinking; absorbować, zajmować, nie dawać spokoju. Mary has been preoccupied with annoying paper work.

preserve (noun)

a sweet food made of fruit and sugar; an activity one is especially good at or responsible for; a reserve; dżem, marmolada; (czyjaś) domena, specjalność; rezerwat. It's stupid to think that sport is a male preserve.

preserve (verb)

to save, to keep living, existing, etc.; zachowywać, ocalać. This minority is trying to preserve their language.

pressing

very urgent; naglący, pilny, niecierpiący zwłoki. He admitted it was a pressing issue.

pressurise

to force, to persuade someone to do sth; zmuszać, wywierać presję. What are you going to do if your parents start to pressurise you about the choice of school?

presume

to believe, to suppose something is true; domniemywać, przypuszczać. I presume they will not accept the invitation after the argument we’d had.

probation

the period of time when a criminal is not sent to jail but obliged to behave properly; okres próbny, kuratela sądowa. He was put on probation and has been behaving carefully so far.

probe

to investigate, to examine; an examination; sondować, badać; sonda, dochodzenie. The journalist was eager to probe the reasons for the state of affairs.

proclamation

an official statement, address or item of information; proklamacja, obwieszczenie. The content of the proclamation made people anxious.

promotion

advertising something, encouraging people to do or buy something; raising someonein rank; promocja; awans. His promotion was rather surprising.

prosperity

welfare, being successful; dobrobyt, pomyślność, powodzenie. The country enjoyed a long period of prosperity.

provide

to supply; to prepare, to make ready for use; dostarczać, zaopatrywać, zapewniać. You will be provided with necessary materials.

pry

interfere with, to spy; wtrącać się, śledzić, wścibiać. She's always prying, which makes me angry.

puddle

a pool of rainwater gathered on the ground; kałuża. Children like playing in puddles, don't shout at her like that.

putative

believed to have done something, to be something or someone; domniemany, przypuszczalny. She was in two minds about meeting her putative father.

putrid

decaying; unpleasant; gnijący; zgniły. She was wearing an awful blouse of a putrid colour.

puzzled

confused, unable to understand something; zakłopotany. He was completely puzzled when he read the letter.

quadruped

any of the animals walking on four legs; czworonog. Today the teacher was talking about... well, four_legged animals, I mean, quadrupeds.

quaint

unique, old_fashioned, interesting; osobliwy, ciekawy, oryginalny. You'll find this old village attractive, in a quiant way, though.

qualified

having qualifications or skills (to do a particular job); wykwalifikowany, posiadający kwalifikacje. They're loking for a qualified teacher.

queasy

feeling sick; causing sickness; mdlący, wywołujący mdłości; odczuwający mdłości. Jo felt a bit queasy in the morning.

queer

strange; dziwny, dziwaczny. Who's that queer guy that came with Ann?

query

to ask a question; a question; pytać, zapytywać; pytanie, zapytanie. In reply to your query, we would like to inform you that the conference will take place on 25 October.

quicksand

sand that sucks you in; ruchome piaski. I was watching a documentary about quicksand and other incredible things.

random

chosen or done by chance, without a particular method; przypadkowy, losowy, dowolny. You can’t put those books on the shelves in a random order just like that.

ransom

the money kidnappers demand; okup. He was kidnapped for ransom.

rapid

sudden; fast; gwałtowny, nagły, szybki. Analysts didn't predict the rapid change.

rave

to shout, to talk about sth in an enthusiastic way; to purposefuly annoy someone; a big party; an enthusiastic review; wrzeszczeć, bredzić, wściekać się; zachwycać się; pieklić się; hałaśliwa zabawa; entuzjastyczna recenzja. Stop raving! I'm not going to talk with you like that!

ravings

rubbish, nonsense; brednie, bzdury. How could you even listen to the ravings he was telling you!

recipient

a person who receives something; odbiorca. Where should I type in the recipient's name?

recklessly

a person who receives something; odbiorca. Where should I type in the recipient's name?

recline

to lie in a relaxed position with one's back leaning against something; ułożyć się w pozycji półleżącej. Mum was reclining on the sofa, fast asleep.

recollect

to be able to remember something; przypominać sobie. She says she doesn’t recollect the row.

recollection

a memory, the act of remembering something; przypomnienie sobie, wspomnienie. I have only a vague recollection of my great-grandfather’s house.

recommend

to praise something, to say something or someone is good; to advise to do something; polecać (coś, kogoś); zalecać; rekomendować. I recommend this book to everyone interested in gardening.

refugee

an exile, a person who flees from their own country for political or socio_economical reasons; uchodźca. During the conference, the issue concerning political refugees was raised.

regurgitate

wymiotować, zwracać treść żołądka; (przen.) bezmyślnie odtwarzać informacje. For the bachelor thesis you just need to regurgitate some information you acquired during studies.

relevant

connected with, suitable; dotyczący, tyczący się (czegoś), związany; odpowiedni, właściwy. We were provided with relevant and sufficient information.

remarkable

worthy of notice, unusual; godny uwagi, nadzwyczajny. All her remarkable achievements were described in her biography.

repeatedly

many times; wielokrotnie. She phoned them repeatedly, but nobody answered.

rephrase

to form one's words again, in a different way; ujmować inaczej, wyrażać inaczej; przeredagować. The teacher told me to rephrase my work.

repose

to rest; to become calm; to lie in a relaxed way; to deposit; rest, tranquility; odpoczywać, spoczywać, leżeć spokojnie; dawać wytchnienie; pokładać (coś na czymś/ kimś); odpoczynek, spoczynek. He reposed in the armchair.

reptile

a cold_blooded animal, such as snake or lizard; gad. Julka was fond of watching enormous reptiles in the Zoo.

resemble

to be similar to; to look like sth/sb else; być podobnym do; przypominać coś/ kogoś (z wyglądu). That flat resembles the one I used to live in.

resentful

angry, irritated because of being treated unfairly; dotknięty, obrażony. She was feeling resentful after they’d laughed at her.

resigned

accepting something unpleasant; zrezygnowany; pogodzony (z przykrym faktem). He seemed resigned to losing the job.

resound

to sound for a long time; to sound loudly; rozbrzmiewać, brzmieć; rozchodzić się (o dźwięku). The alarm resounded through the whole block.

resounding

great; very loud; oszałamiający; ogłuszający. The film was a resounding success.

resource

a solution to a problem, help; środek zaradczy, pomoc. If the resources are provided promptly, everything will be ok.

resourceful

able to act effectivelly and to find problems; pomysłowy, sprytny, zaradny. We need resourceful staff, not milksops.

respectability

general acceptance and respect; ogólne poważanie, uznanie, szacunek. This theory gained respectability.

responsibility

being responsible (for), duty; odpowiedzialność, obowiązek. He doesn't take his responsibilities seriously.

restore

to bring or give back; przywracać, zwracać. The labour unions believe their rights should be restored.

resume

to start again; to continue; to return; wznawiać, powtórnie podejmować; kontynuować; znów zajmować, wracać (np. na miejsce). She resumed speaking after a while.

reunion

coming together again; a union created anew; zgromadzenie; zjazd; ponowne połączenie. We're having a family reunion next week.

reunite

to meet or get together aftebeing separated; powtórnie połączyć, scalać, jednoczyć. It took several hard years to reunite the country.

revenge

something done in order to hurt someone who did something against you; zemsta. he will take revenge on you.

review

a newspaper report including an opinion about e.g. a book; to consider sth again; to give an opinion (a review) in a newspaper; recenzja; robić przegląd, powtórnie się zastanawiać; recenzować. The review says it's a pretty interesting movie.

ridicule

mockery, unkind words meant to make fun of someone and to hurt them; to mock, to laugh at someone in a a cruel way; drwiny, drwić, szydzić, wyśmiewać. I don't understand why you ridiculed my idea.

rigid

firm, stiff, not flexible; sztywny, niewzruszony, nieustępliwy. Claire was listening to her mother without a word, rigid and obstinate.

riot

violent public gathering; a revolt; zamieszki; bunt; niepokoje. The guys were arrested during a riot.

rip

to tear, to open with the use of force; drzeć, rozdzierać, rozpruwać. My daughter ripped the box open, impatient to see the surprise gift.

ripe

fully developed, ready to eat; dojrzały (np. o owocu) I love ripe strawberries.

roam

to travel or walk around without any particular aim; włóczyć się, wędrować. He roamed around Europe for a year.

roast

to cook something in an oven; to heat e.g. nuts so that they become crispy; piec, opiekać, zapiekać; prażyć. I think that it's a good idea to roast some nuts and almonds for the party.

routinely

usually, generally; na ogół; rutynowo. I guess she does it routinely.

row

a violent argument; kłótnia, awantura. They both felt rather ashamed after that terrible row.

rundown

neglected, devastated; a summary; zaniedbany, zapuszczony (t. run_down); sprawozdanie, relacja. It turned out the boy's family were living in a rundown dwelling in the suburbs.

rush

to hurry; to be in a hurry, to move quickly; popędzać, gonić, pędzić. I've got to rush, they must be waiting.

rustle

to make a cracklin sound, a dry crackling sound; szeleścić; szelest. The kids were hopping in heaps of rustling leaves.

saddle

a seat used on a horse and e.g. a motorcycle; siodło, siodełko. Sit up straight in the saddle.

savings

the money you have saved; oszczędności. I'm going to spend all my savings on the journey if I have to.

scatterbrain

someone not organised, who tends to forget things; osoba roztrzepana, zapominalski. I wish you weren't such a scatterbrain.

schedule

someone not organised, who tends to forget things; osoba roztrzepana, zapominalski. I wish you weren't such a scatterbrain.

schedule

a plan, a plan according to which certain activities are performed; plan, rozkład zajęć, rozkład jazdy. According to the schedule, the bus should have come five minutes ago.

school leaver

a graduate; absolwent szkoły. Actually, he was willing to employ a school leaver.

scorn

to feel that you think something or someone is not worth respect; a feeling that something or someone is stupid; gardzic, pogardzać; wzgarda, pogarda, lekceważenie. he scorned her father's political views.

scornful

lacking respect, contemptuous; pogardliwy. Her scornful look made the boy feel rather frightened.

scrap paper

paper used for drafts; papier do pisania na brudno. You may take some scrap paper and copy the letter afterwards.

scratchy

unpleasant to touch, scratching; drapiący, szorstki. Mummy, I don't want to put on this scratchy sweater.

screenplay

the text according to which a film is made or a play is staged; scenariusz. I wasn't fond of the film although the screenplay was fine.

self_interested

selfish, doing things only to get something for it; interesowny. she turned out a vain, self_interested person.

sensitive

reacting to what others say or do; kind and helpful; easily influenced; wrażliwy, czuły, delikatny; drażliwy. Though he tries to conceal it, Tim is a sensitive guy.

sensuous

appealing to senses; providing physical pleasure; zmysłowy. Kim was a very sensuous woman.

separate

existing in a different place; osobny, oddzielny. The sales department is in a separate buliding.

setback

something causing delay or failure; zahamowanie, niepowodzenie, pogorszenie. He had been recovering, but he suffered a setback last week.

severely

seriously, harshly; poważnie; surowo. The teachers decided that the pupils should be severely punished.

shaggy

tousled, hairy; kudłaty, zmierzwiony, potargany. That shaggy boy resembles my bro.

shallow

not deep; lacking physical strength; płytki; słaby. The brook is shallow, but be careful

shallowness

the quality of being shallow (not deep) or trivial; płytkość, płycizna. I wonder what impressed you so much. His speech was nothing but shallowness.

shanty

a primitive hut, usually at the edge of town; szałas, prymitywna chata, barak, slums. She used to live in a shanty outside the city.

shimmer

to glitter, to glimmer; to shine faintly; migtać, skrzyć się. Faint light shimmered in the dark.

shimmery

shimmering; giving out faint light; migotliwy, skrzący się. They noticed something just below the shimmery surface of water.

shivery

shivering because of fever, cold, etc.; mający dreszcze. Her daughter was shivery and had a headache.

showcase

a case transparent case where things such as museum pieces are kept and displayed; gablota. Their cups were displayed in a big showcase.

shred

a small piece, a small piece of something such as clothes; skrawek; strzęp. After the struggle, the boy's shirt was torn to shreds.

shrill

sharp, acute; ostry, przenikliwy, przeszywający. She screamed with a shrill voice when she saw the mouse in the kitchen.

shrink

shrank, shrunk); to become smaller; kurczyć się, maleć. Don't wash this jumper or it's going to shrink.

shudder

to shiver, to tremble; a shiver; drżeć, dygotać; dreszcz. The very thought of meeting him made Alison shudder.

shuttle

to transport; to travel regularly between two places; a means of transport that travels regularly between two places; kursować wahadłowo; transportować; środek transportu kursujący wahadłowo. This bus shuttles from the plant to the suburbs, which is convenient for commuters.

sign language

a language used by the deaf where a system of gestures is used; język migowy. She's been learning the sign language.

significance

the importance of something; waga, znaczenie. It was a matter of no significance.

significant

important; easy to notice; znaczący, istotny; znaczny. A significant increase has been observed.

signify

to mean, to make known; znaczyć, oznaczać; dawać do zrozumienia. She sighed to signify how worried she was.

sip

to drink slowly, in small amounts; a small portion of a liquid one drinks; a mouthful of a beverage; sączyć, pić małymi łyczkami; łyk, łyczek. They were sitting around the table, sipping tea without a word.

sizzle

to produce a sound of food frying in hot fat; skwierczeć. The meat was sizzling on the barbecue

skittish

to lean in one direction, to slope; pochylać się, nachylać. She couldn't have written it. Her handwriting slants to the left.

slant

to lean in one direction, to slope; pochylać się, nachylać. She couldn't have written it. Her handwriting slants to the left.

slaughterhouse

a place where farm animals are killed; rzeźnia. Having watched the documentary about a slaughterhouse, Sally became a vegetarian.

sleet

rain mixed with snow; deszcz ze śniegiem. There's sleet, there's wind, it's dark and cold. I'm staying in.

slice

a usually thin piece of something; to cut into slices; plasterek; kromka; kawałek; kroić w plastry. I need some sliced cheese, could you help me?

slippery

(of a surface) making someone slip; śliski. Watch out! Don't fall down, the floor is so slippery here!

sloppy

careless; not done very well; niedbały, byle jaki. I couldn't read the note because of your sloppy handwriting.

sly

cunning; chytry, przebiegły. Remember that he's sly enough to cheat u

smack

to hit lightly; a light blow dawać klapsa; klaps. She states that smacking is fair and she sees nothing wrong in punishing children this way.

smirk

uśmiech

snack

food that is not a casual meal; przekąska. A snack will make you feel better.

snatch

to catch somethng, to grab; to eat something quickly; to steal something; złapać, schwytać; złapać okaję; zjeść coś naprędce; wyrwać; ukraść. The pickpocket snatched the woman’s bag and ran away.

snicker

to laugh out of a sudden; parsknąć śmiechem. To her despair, her family just snickered when they saw her new hair_do.

sniffle

to breathe heavily through the nose; pociągać nosem. Stop sniffling, just leave and wipe your nose.

snorkel

a piece of equipment used by divers; fajka do nurkowania. I have to buy a snorkel before we go on holiday.

snuggle

to embrace, to cuddle; tulić się, przytulać. The children snuggled their mother until they fell asleep.

soloist

an artist who performs solo; solista. What was the name of the soloist? His performance was absolutely perfect.

solution

the act of solving (a problem), the way of solving (a problem); rozwiązanie, sposób, odpowiedź. With such an attitude, you're not going to find a solution to that problem.

sophisticated

intellectually appealing, marked by worldly knowledge; complex; refined; wyszukany, wymyślny; wyrafinowany. His complex and sophisticated essays have been translated into seven languages so far.

sore

painful, aching; bolesny, obolały; drażliwy. I got sore feet after the long walk.

souvenir

something that reminds you of a place you once visited; pamiątka (z danego miejsca). The girls spent all their pocket money on ice-cream and souvenirs.

specify

to name, list or mention; wyszczególniać, precyzować, wymieniać. Could you please specify the components we should supply?

spectacular

great; exciting; spektakularny, oszałamiający; widowiskowy. Their plan turned out a spectacular success.

spiky

like a spike, having high_pitched spots; easily annoyed; kolczasty, najeżony kolcami; skory do gniewu, drażliwy. Stop acting as if you were a spiky teenager!

splatter

to cover something/ someone with a substance; bryzgać, obryzgiwać. My clothes were splattered with mud.

spooky

frightening; sinister; przerażajacy, straszny, złowieszczy. I like spooky stories, my sister finds them too frightening though.

squander

to spend a lot on unnecessary things; to waste; trwonić, marnować. She'll squander any sum you entrust to her.

squeeze

to hold something tightly and to press it; to try to force or make someone do something; ściskać; przyciskać, wywierać nacisk. Why don't you squeeze Peter a little bit? Maybe he'll agree.

stack

a pile; to arrange things in a pile; stos, sterta; układać w stos. why don't you just fold those blankets and stack them?

stagger

to walk unsteadily; iść chwiejnym krokiem, chwiać się, zataczać. He staggered and fell down.

stand_in

a person who does someone else's job while they're absent; zastępca, zastępczyni. We've had an awful stand_in in our Polish classes because our teacher broke her leg last week.

standing ovation

when people stand up and applaud; owacja na stojąco. The band received a standing ovation.

stare

to keep looking at sth/sb with one's eyes wide open; wpatrywać się, gapić. Why are you staring at me? Have I said something wrong?

startle

to make surprised or anxious; to frighten; zadziwiać, zaskakiwać; przestraszyć. Her sudden movement startled the cat.

starve

to be very hungry for a very long time, to have nothing to eat; głodować, przymierać głodem. My grandma used to remind me of the starving thousands whenever I didn’t feel like eating a dinner up.

stash

to keep sth in a secret place; trzymać coś w schowku. My seven_year_old daughter stashes all her valuable stones and shells.

steep

to make wet, to leave in a liquid for some time; namaczać, moczyć, Steep the shirt for a few hours.

stew

to cook or fry very slowly at a low temperature; dusić (kulin.). Can you please stew these vegetables? I'll be back in a second.

still life

a painting, drawing, etc. which shows e.g. fruit, flowers (no people, landscape); martwa natura. I saw his still life at the exhibition.

stingy

mean; skąpy. She's not going to help you, she's too stingy.

stoop

to bend down; to bend forward; to have shoulders bent over; pochylać się; schylać się; garbić się. My sister stooped to look for the earring that had fallen down to the carpet.

strained

full of tension, uneasy, stressful; napięty; naprężony; nienaturalny. Our relations have become strained, which worries me a lot.

strangle

to kill someone by squeezing their throat; to stop someone's deeds or something from development; dusić, udusić; tłumić, dławić. The strike started by the trade union has been strangled.

strengthen

to make stronger or working better; umacniać, wzmacniać, potęgować. Those difficult experiences have strengthened her faith.

stroke

to caress by touching with the palm of one's hand; głaskać. Michael loves his cat so much that he feels offended if a guest of his doesn't stroke her or at least state she's beautiful.

stubborn

unwilling to change one's mind; uparty. He's too stubborn to change his opinion.

studious

enjoying studying, hard_working; pilny, pracowity. She's always been a studious person.

subordinate

a person who is not as important (in a company, organization) as another one; podwładny. He found it difficult to discipline his subordinates.

subtle

refined, artful; nice, delicate; difficult to analyze; cunning, bright; subtelny, delikatny; wyrafinowany, przenikliwy, bystry. His poems are perfectly subtle and meaningful.

supple

flexible, bending easily; giętki, gibki, elastyczny. The advert says your skin will be supple as never before if you use this body balm.

support

help, assistance; to help, to maintain; wsparcie; wspierać, utrzymywać. Suzan and Jack had another terrible row tonight. No wonder if she needs his support and he only talks about his own trouble.

suppress

to subdue, to overpower, to put down; to not reveal; to restrain from being expressed; tłumić, dławić; powstrzymywać; zatajać. She looked at her father and suppressed a smile.

surmise

to guess, to suspect, to suppose; przypuszczać, podejrzewać, domyślać się. The police surmise the murderer can’t have fled far away.

surround

to be situated around something or someone; otaczać. The elderly lady surrounded by young children is my aunt Elsie.

surveillance

careful observation; nadzór, obserwacja. That disco will be kept under surveillance after the accident.

susceptible

prone, easy to impress or influence; podatny, wrażliwy. Her dauhter is said to be susceptible to infections.

suspend

to cause to cease for a period of time; to hold in an undecided state; zawieszać, wstrzymywać, odraczać. The group of students was suspended from school for drinking alcohol.

sustain

to maintain, to keep alive; to experience sth hard;, podtrzymywać, utrzymywać, doświadczać, ponosić (klęskę). His tender care and love sustained Amy throughout her illness.

swagger

to walk proudly; kroczyć z dumą. She approached us swaggering as if she were someone special.

swallow

to make food or liquid move from your mouth to the stomach; połykać, przełykać. Swallow the pill now.

swap

to exchange; zamieniać The teacher told us to swap our essay plans for peer correction.

swift

quick, sudden; szybki, prędki, nagły. Her swift reply relieved me.

swig

a mouthful of a liquid; łyk, haust. He got up and took a swig of coffee.

swivel chair

a chair that can swivel, i.e. go round; krzesło obrotowe. They ordered a couple of swivel chairs to the office.

sympathize

to show compassion; to be understanding; współczuć, współodczuwać, wykazywać zrozumienie. Although she did sympathize with her cousin, she didn't help him.