lesson 1

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reminisce
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recall the past
recount
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to describe how something happened, or to tell a story
He recounted his adventures since he had left home.
significant
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important or noticeable
There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent years.
burden
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something difficult or unpleasant that you have to deal with or worry about (obciążenie)
My elderly mother worries that she's a burden to me.
role model
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a person who someone admires and whose behaviour they try to copy
Sports stars are role models for thousands of youngsters.
yearn
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to wish very strongly, especially for something that you cannot have or something that is very difficult to have (tęsknić bardzo za czymś)
Sometimes I just yearn to be alone
strive for
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to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties
In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and familiar prose forms
hankering
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a strong wish (tęsknota)
Don't you ever have a hankering for a different lifestyle
acknowledge
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to accept, admit, or recognize something, or the truth or existence of something (przyznać, uznać)
She acknowledged having been at fault
moan
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to make a long, low sound of pain, suffering, or another strong emotion
He moaned with pain before losing consciousness
groan
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a deep, long sound showing great pain or unhappiness
We could hear the groans of the wounded soldiers
embrace
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to accept something enthusiastically
This was an opportunity that he would embrace
longevity
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living for a long time
To what do you attribute your longevity
apparently
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used to say you have read or been told something although you are not certain it is true
Apparently he's had enough of England and is going back to Australia
average
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the result you get by adding two or more amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts
Prices have risen by an average of four percent over the past year
entire
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whole or complete, with nothing missing
Between them they ate an entire cake.
perceived
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to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something
Women's magazines are often perceived to be superficial
credible
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able to be believed or trusted
The story of what had happened to her was barely (= almost not) credible
depressed
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unhappy and without hope
to consider
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to give attention to a particular subject or fact when judging something else
You've got to consider the time element when planning the whole project; Did you consider your mother and how she's going to feel about you leaving?; She never considers anyone but herself - she's totally selfish!
universal
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existing everywhere or involving everyone
Food, like sex, is a subject of almost universal interest.
an approach
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to come near or nearer to something; r someone in space, time, quality, or amount; o speak to, write to, or visit someone in order to do something such as make a request or business agreement
We could just see the train approaching in the distance; I'm not sure how to approach the problem;
a chapter
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a period that is part of a larger amount of time during which something happens
The period before the revolution is an interesting chapter in British history
a memory
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the ability to remember information, experiences, and people
After the accident he suffered from loss of memory/memory loss
to divide
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to share
I think we should divide (up) the costs equally among/between us
a researcher
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someone whose job is to study a subject carefully, especially in order to discover new information or understand the subject better
to look up to
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to admire and respect someone
He'd always looked up to his uncle
wrinkles
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a small line in the skin caused by old age
fine wrinkles around the eyes
to claim
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to make a written demand for money from a government or organization because you think you have a right to it; to ask for something of value because you think it belongs to you or because you think you have a right to it
The number of people claiming unemployment benefits has risen sharply this month
a survey
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an examination of opinions, behaviour, etc., made by asking people questions
to strive for
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to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties
In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and familiar prose forms
a response
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an answer or reaction
a meaning
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The meaning of something is what it expresses or represents
The meaning of his gesture was clear
highly important
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It is highly important that the directly elected European Parliament is closely involved and follows the concerns and issues of citizens.
bring up children
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You certainly know how to bring up children.
have a prominent career
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mieć wybitną karierę
worth remembering
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So I didn't think that it was worth remembering.
thought - provoking
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It's very thought provoking.
achieve a work–life balance
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Thirdly, more priority must be given to improving childcare so that mothers can achieve a work-life balance.
gain experience in
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I have never left the Palace... and would like to gain experience in the outside world.
reach a turning point in life
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a time when things may change
grow up in a small village
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We lived in a small village in the north.
elderly
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polite word for old
An elderly couple live next door
reminisce
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to talk or write about past experiences that you remember with pleasure
My grandfather used to reminisce about his years in the navy
reply
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to give a spoken or written answer
She asked him how old he was but he didn’t reply.
quote
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to repeat the words that someone else has said or written
He's always quoting from the Bible
release
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to give freedom or free movement to someone or something; to allow a substance to flow out from somewhere
Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.
hostile
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unfriendly and not liking something;
The president had a hostile reception in Ohio this morning
likely
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very probably
Most likely he'll turn up late
achieve
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to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort
She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America.
adolescence
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the period of time in a person's life when they are developing into an adult
She had a troubled adolescence.
tranquillizer
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a drug used to make a person or animal calmer
admire
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to respect and approve of someone or their behaviour
I admired him for his determination.
goal
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an aim or purpose
They have set themselves a series of goals to achieve by the end of the month
identity
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who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others:
I cannot reveal the identity of my source.
military
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the armed forces
The military has opposed any cuts in defence spending
participant
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a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity
to tend to do sth
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to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristic
Things tend to get lost when you move house.
none
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not one (of a group of people or things), or not any
None of my children has/have blonde hair
turn out
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to happen in a particular way or to have a particular result, especially an unexpected one
The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected
pleasure
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enjoyment, happiness, or satisfaction, or something that gives this
Coffee is one of my few pleasures
engage in
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to take part in something
perhaps
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used to show that something is possible or that you are not certain about something
add
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join (something) to something else so as to increase the size, number, or amount.
perceive
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to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something:
Women's magazines are often perceived to be superficial.
a peak
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the highest, strongest, or best point, value, or level of skill:
We saw a victory by an athlete at the very peak of her fitness and career.
a study
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the activity of examining a subject in detail in order to discover new information
a five-year study of the relationship between wildlife and farming
to occur
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(especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen
An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane
aging
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relating to getting older
sort out
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an occasion when you put things in order or in their correct place
I've had a sort-out in the bedroom - it's looking rather better.
a poll
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a study in which people are asked for their opinions about a subject or person; the places where people vote in a political election
We're carrying out/conducting a poll to find out what people think about abortion.
to conclude
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to end a speech, meeting, or piece of writing
ponder about
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to think carefully about something, especially for a noticeable length of time
She sat back for a minute to ponder her next move in the game
decade
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a period of ten years, especially a period such as 2010 to 2019
vitality
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energy and strength
According to the packet, these vitamin pills will restore lost vitality
a workout
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a period of physical exercise
After my workout, I have a sauna.
youth
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the period of your life when you are young, or the state of being young
retire
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to leave your job or stop working because of old age or ill health
fulfil
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to do something that is expected, hoped for, or promised, or to cause it to happen
A school fails if it does not fulfil the needs/requirements of its pupils.
take care
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to deal with something
No, you paid for dinner last time, let me take care of (= pay for) it; All the travel arrangements have been taken care of.
responsiblitities
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something that it is your job or duty to deal with: [+ to infinitive ] It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time
something that it is your job or duty to deal with
flee
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to escape by running away, especially because of danger or fear
following
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after
hanker after
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to have a strong wish for something, especially if you cannot or should not have it

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