lesson 8 ADVERBS

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An ADVERB modifies
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a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
It indicates
always, afternoon, where, probably after, too, much, surely, maybe, simply
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how, where, when, why or under what conditions something happens.
She always goes to the café in the afternoon where she has a cup of tea, probably after spending too much time outside. Surely she is sad. Or maybe simply tired.
time adverbs: WHEN
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today, yesterday, later, now, last year
time adverbs: HOW OFTEN
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sometimes, frequently, never, often, yearly
time adverbs: FOR HOW LONG
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all day, not long, for a while, since last year
She is pregnant now.
now
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WHEN adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence.
She has been pregnant for nine months.
for nine months
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FOR HOW LONG adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence.
She has often had strange cravings during her pregnancies.
often. craving: a very strong desire for something: a craving for chocolate
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HOW OFTEN adverbs are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs.
HOW OFTEN adverbs that express the exact number of times an action happens
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are usually placed at the end of the sentence.
She has been pregnant for nine months every year for the last decade.
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Order for more than one adverb describing time: FOR HOW LONG, HOW OFTEN, WHEN
interrogative adverbs
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why, where, how, when
Why am I so great?
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Interrogative adverbs are usually placed at the beginning of a question.
relative adverbs
Y'know what? That's the place where you were conceived.
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where, when, why
adverbs of degree
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almost, nearly, just, too, enough, hardly, completely, very
Tom gets quite horny when he drinks coffee.
quite. horny: com tesão
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Tom gets quite horny when he drinks coff v angličtině
adverbs of degree are usually placed before the main verb, or before the adjective they modify.
place adverbs
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everywhere, away, up, around, out, back, in, outside
Get out!
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place adverbs usually go after the main verb.
She takes her husband outside.
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or after the object.
certainty adverbs
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certainly, definitely, probably, undoubtedly, surely
It definitely died. I'm absolutely certain.
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Adverbs of certainty go before the main verb, but after the verb to be.
I have probably seen it before. Its face looks familiar to me.
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With auxiliary verbs, adverbs go between the auxiliary and the main verb.
Undoubtedly, they were quite big.
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Sometimes these adverbs can go at the beginning of the sentence.
manner adverbs
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well, rapidly, slowly, quickly, easily, loudly, softly, beautifully
She spends her salary quickly. She spends it easily.
quickly. easily.
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Manner adverbs usually go after the main verb or the object.
She happily bets against the machine.
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To emphasize, manner adverbs can go before the verb if it's a transitive verb.
viewpoint adverbs
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honestly, frankly, personally, obviously, surely, undoubtedly
Frankly, my Dear, I don't give a damn.
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Viewpoint adverbs go at the beginning of the sentence, and are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma.
commenting adverbs
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definitely, certainly, obviously, simply
I think she is certainly the worst person I have ever known, don't you think?
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Commenting adverbs are very similar to viewpoint adverbs, but they go after the verb to be and before the main verb.
place prepositions
I live on the 33dr floor, at 205 95th Street in New York.
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IN, ON, AT
IN
in the city, in New York, in bed, in my pocket, in the car
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inside an area or space
in the city, in New York, in bed, in my pocket, in the car
ON
on the table, on the wall, on the floor, on the carpet, on the door
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in contact with a surface
on the table, on the wall, on the floor, on the carpet, on the door
AT
at the corner, at the end of the street, at the entrance, at the station, at the top of the page
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referring to a position
at the corner, at the end of the street, at the entrance, at the station, at the top of the page
TALKING ABOUT TRANSPORTATION: car, truck
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in a / the: car, truck
TALKING ABOUT TRANSPORTATION: subway, bus, train, airplane, ship, bicycle
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on a / the: subway, bus, train, airplane, ship, bicycle
COMMON EXPRESSIONS: IN
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in a car, in a taxi, in an elevator, in the newspaper, in the sky, in Times Square
COMMON EXPRESSIONS: ON
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on a bus, on a train, on an airplane, on the radio, on the Internet, on the left
COMMON EXPRESSIONS: AT
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at home, ar work, at school, at college, at the bottom, at the reception
time prepositions
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IN, ON, AT
IN (time)
in April, in summer, in 1900 / in the 1900s, in the past century, in the future
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months, seasons, years, centuries
in April, in summer, in 1900 / in the 1900s, in the past century, in the future
ON (time)
on Sunday, on Mondays, on September the 4th, on his birthday, on New Year's Eve
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days and dates
on Sunday, on Mondays, on September the 4th, on his birthday, on New Year's Eve
AT (time)
at 5 o'clock, at noon/night, at bedtime, at the moment, at the end of the week
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hours of the clock, points in time
at 5 o'clock, at noon/night, at bedtime, at the moment, at the end of the week
COMMON EXPRESSIONS: IN
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in the morning(s), in the afternoon(s), in the evening(s)
COMMON EXPRESSIONS: ON
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on Tuesday morning(s), on Wednesday afternoon(s), on weekends
COMMON EXPRESSIONS: AT
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at night, at Christmas, at the same time
When using LAST, NEXT, EVERY or THIS
I was depressed last May, I'm planning to rob a bank next Monday, I eat donuts every Christmas, I will take a walk naked this evening.
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don't use in, on, at
I was depressed last May, I'm planning to rob a bank next Monday, I eat donuts every Christmas, I will take a walk naked this evening.

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