l&s 1.

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acute
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very serious or severe
advertising
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The business of trying to persuade people to buy products or services.
agile
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able to deal with new situations or changes quickly and successfully
agriculture
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The work and methods of growing crops and looking after animals that are then used for food.
agrotourism
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the business of providing holidays for people on farms or in the countryside
alone together
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It is a phenomenon where people loose focus of their surrounding and others and instead they use their phones and go through the social media.
anticipation
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feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen in the near future
anxiety
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an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future.
assemble
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To come together in a single place or bring parts together in a single group
be out of the loop
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to not have the special knowledge or power that belongs to a particular group of people:
biodegradable
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capable of being slowly destroyed and broken down into very small parts by natural processes, bacteria,
biodiversity
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the number and types of plants and animals that exist in a particular area or in the world generally, or the problem of protectong this.
blamethrower
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An attempt to shift blame for your failures.
blow one’s top
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Get furious, throw a fit
blow smbd away
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to hugely surprise someone
body language
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the movements or positions of your body that show other people how you are feeling, without using words
brainstorming
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an activity when a lot of people meet in order to suggest a new ideas
bypass
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to go around a place or thing and not through it.
capitalism
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a political and economic system in which industry is owned privately for profit and not by the state
carbon emission
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definition: carbon dioxide that planes, cars, factories, etc. produce, thought to be harmful to the environment
central business district
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the main business and commercial area of a town or city.
clickbait
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articles, photographs, etc. on the internet that are intended to attract attention and encourage people to click on links to particular websites
climax
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the most important or exciting point in a story or situation.
cognitive resources
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are recruited to counteract the emotional influences on perception, attention, memory, and decision-making
cognizant
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be aware of sth, understand sth
conception
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an idea of what something or someone is like, or a basic understanding of a situationor a principle
connectivity
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the ability of a computer, program, device, or system to connect with one or more others.
consensus
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definition: a situation in which all the people in a group agree about something
contextualize
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To consider something or to help other people consider something in its context (= the situation within which it exists or happens), which can help explain it.
continuum
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something that changes in character gradually or in very slight stages without any clear dividing points
contributor
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one of the reasons why something happens
comerstone
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something of great importance on which everything else depends.
cv
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a short written description of your education, qualifications, previous jobs, and sometimes also your personal interests, that you send to an employer when you are trying to get a job.
cyberbullying
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the activity of using the internet to harm or frighten another person, especially by sending them unpleasant messages
deepfake
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a video or sound recording that replaces someone's face or voice with that of someone else, in a way that appears real.
disclosure
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the act of making something known or the fact that is made known
discrepancy
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a difference between two things that are expected to be the same
disinformation
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false information that is given deliberately
eco city
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a human settlement modeled on the self-sustaining resilient structure and function of natural ecosystems.
efficient
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working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way
embroidery
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The way that someone makes a story more entertaining by adding imaginary details to it.
endeavor
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an attemp to do something
enhance
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definition: to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something:
ephemeral
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something that is lasting for a very short time. (as an adjective)
equality
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the right of different groups of people to have a similar social position and receive the same treatment
diminish
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to reduce something in size or importance
equation
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the act of considering one thing to be the same as or equal to another:
evaluation
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The process of judging or calculating the quality, importance, amount, or value of something.
Exacerbate
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to make something that is already bad even worse
faciliator
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facilitator a person who helps a group to have an effective dialogue without taking any side of the argument, especially in order to reach a consensus
FOMO
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anxiety that an exciting or interesting event may currently be happening elsewhere, often aroused by posts seen on social media
fiddling away
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wasting (time)
gesture
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a movement of head, arms, or head, etc. to express an idea or feeling.
get smth off the ground
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if a plan or activity gets off the ground or you get it off the ground, it starts or succeeds
globalization
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globalizationThe process in which things all over the world become more similar.
hail
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hail to greet/acclaim enthusiastically, to show approval for someone/something
imperialism
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a situation in which one country has a lot of power or influence over others, especially in political and economic matters
inane
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extremely silly or with no real meaning or importance
income
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Money that is earned from doing work or received from investment
industrial rev
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The period of time during which work began to be done more by machines in factories than by hand at home
industrialized
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industrializedused to describe a country, economy, area, etc. that has many businesses and factories involved in producing goods.
inequality
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the unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people
infrastructure
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the basic systems, such as transport and communication, that a country or organisation uses in order to work effectively.
ingenuity
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someone's ability to think of clever new ways of doing something
innovation
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the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something
insight
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ability to have) a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated problem or situation
integrity
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honesty and the ability to do or know what is morally right.
irrigation
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the practice of supplying water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow.
landmass
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a large area of land such as a continent that is in one piece and not broken up by oceans.
launch
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to begin something such as a plan or introduce something new such as a product
manufacturing
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the business of producing goods in large numbers, especially in factories
meadow
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a grassy area, typically near a river
mind map
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(study method) a type of diagram (=simple plan) with lines and circles for organizing information so that it is easier to use or remember
misinformation
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false or misleading information that results from unintentional inaccuracy.
mode
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a way of operating, living, or behaving
modernization
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the process of starting to use the most recent methods, ideas, equipment, etc. so that something becomes or seems more modern; the act of making something more modern
multimodality
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Using more than one semiotic mode in meaning-making, communication, and representation generally, or in a specific situation.
neopronouns
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a word used instead of a noun or noun phrase, especially one that is intended to avoid using "he" or "she", a type of gender-neutral pronoun
offshoot
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something that has developed from something larger that already existed.
outline
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to describe only the most important ideas or facts about something
outsource
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to get work done by making a contract with another company to do it, often in another country, rather than in your own company:
pace
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the speed at which someone or something moves or does something
phantom phone vibration syndrome
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The phantom phone vibration syndrome occurs when a person thinks his or her phone is ringing or vibrating from a text message when it actually is not.
pollution
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damage caused to water, air, etc. by harmful substances or waste
ponder
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to intensively think about something for a long time
preserve
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to keep something in its current state, especially in order to prevent it from being damaged or destroyed
prosody
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the rhythm and intonation of language
protectionism
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The actions that government takes in order to help its country's trade or industry.
proximity
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"the state of being near in space or time"
query
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a question, often expressing doubt about something or looking for an answer from someone
redudancy
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a situation in which something is unnecessary because it is more than is needed
revitalize
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to give new life, energy, activity, or succes to something.
runoff
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Water that flows away from high areas to low areas
rural
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in, of, or like the countryside
semiotic mode
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a way in which one communicates meaningfully or channel of communication
shipping
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the act of sending good from one place to another, especially by ship
signoposting lang
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small words or phrases that help the reader follow your argument, understand the relationship between your ideas and anticipate what's going to come next
social capital
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the value of the relationships between people who work or live together and the knowledge and skills that they have and share
social media
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websites and computer programs that allow people to communicate and share information
social media optimization
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the use of various methods on social media to make a product or company become well known and popular, so that, for example, people are encouraged to visit a particular website
social network
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definition: a website or computer program that allows people to communicate and share information on the internet using a computer or mobile phone
stance
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a way of thinking about something, especially expressed in a publicly stated opinion
sustainable
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causing little or no damage to the environment, and therefore able to continue for a long time
The Redundancy Effect
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the Effect occurs when a redundant material interferes rather than facilitates learning. It happens when the same information is unnecessarily elaborated or presented in multiple forms
throw-away economy
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the prevalence of consumer goods which only last for a short period of time
ties
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the friendly feelings that people have for other people, or special connections with places
timbre
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a quality of sound that makes voice or musical instrument sound different from each other:
to assemble
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to gather a group of people in one place or to collect parts in one group
trade
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the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries
unprecedented
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never having happened or existed in the past
upswing
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an increase or improvement
urban
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connected with a town or city; of or in a city or town
urbanization
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definition: the process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in cities
vegetation
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plants in general, or plants that are found in a particular area
vengeance
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the act of punishing or harming someone in return for what they have done to you, your family, or your friends, or the wish for such punishment to happen
viral misery
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viral miser Complaining easily becomes a habit, and before you know it, you'll be known as the person who complains about the weather, the news and everything else. This is called 'viral misery'.

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