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różne opinie, poglądy
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diversity of opinions/views
przyjąć postawę / uważać, że...
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take attitude / that...
stosunek do kogoś/czegoś
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attitude to/ towards someone / something
postawa wyczekiwania
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wait-and-see attitude
brać udział w czymś, przyczyniać się do czegoś, ofiarowywać pieniądze na coś, pisać coś do gazety
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to contribute to sth, sb, to a newspaper
cenny
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valuable
stacja badawacza
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research station
czyste szczęście
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sheer luck
przedświąteczna gorączka
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the Christmas rush
pędzić do domu
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rush home
rzucać [perf rzucić] się w czyjąś stronę/w stronę czegoś
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rush towards someone/something
ponaglać kogoś, [by coś zrobił]
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rush someone [to do something]
nie śpiesz się — zrób to kiedy zechcesz
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don't rush — take as long as you like
moja ówczeczna żona
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my THEN wife
znosić coś
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to cope with sth
wystawny, liczny, imponujący, ogromny
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lavish (meal, promises, praise, production)
zostawać dłużej, pozostać w okolicy, trzymać się w pobliżu
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stick around
dosłownie
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literally
brać coś dosłownie
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take something literally
pisk (of animal, wheel) (of door, hinge) skrzypnięcie
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squeak
ocieplenie klimatu
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warming climate / global warming
zamarzać
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to freeze over
jakoś sobie radzę
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I'm surviving.
pamiętać o czymś
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to bear sth in mind
szczegółowo
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in detail
We haven't discussed the matter in detail yet.
ujawnić szczgóły
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disclose/divulge details about/of
She refused to disclose/divulge any details about/of the plan.
wdawać się w szczegóły
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go into detail
I won't go into detail over the phone, but I've been having a few health problems recently.
przedstawić szczegóły
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take down the details of
A police officer took down the details of what happened.
moim zdaniem
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in my view
pogląd na coś
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a view about [or on] sth
My view on it is, that...
jak to widzisz?
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how do you view it?
spojrzeć na coś pod innym kątem
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to view sth from a different angle
podchodzić do czegoś podejrzliwie/entuzjastycznie
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to view sth with suspicion/enthusiasm
widok z lotu ptaka
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bird's-eye view
być zdania, że...
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have/hold/share/take the view that
Many people have/hold/share/take the view that children should not be physically punished.
wymiana opinii, zdań
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exchange of views
We had a friendly exchange of views (= discussion)
stale, in a gradual, regular way over a period of time
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steadily
Prices have risen steadily.
wziąć pod uwagę efekt czegoś
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consider the effect of something
spadać [wartość, ilość], lub pogarszać się
upadek moralny
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to be on the decline [or in decline]
moral decline
odrzucać
nie przyjąć zaproszenia
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decline
to decline an invitation
z grubsza, mniej więcej
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roughly, more or less, approximately
gromadzić dane / przedstawiać dane
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collect data / provide data
wydawać się
wydaje się, że... wydawać się być
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to appear
it may appear that...
it appears that... appears to be...
występować w czyimś imieniu
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to appear on behalf of sb
z oczywistych powodów
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for obvious reasons
ostatni, niedawno
zaledwie wczoraj
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recently
as recently as yesterday
using physical violence or emotional cruelty
obelgi
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abusive, przemocowy
abusive language / After many years in an abusive relationship, she left her husband. / abusive email, guilty of abusive practices, abusive conditions
zobowiązanie, oddanie się czemuś
zobowiązania finansowe, zaangażowanie społeczne
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commitment
financial commitments, social commitment
umawiać się z kimś na spotkanie
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to arrange a meeting with sb
załatwiać [perf załatwić]
załatwiać [perf załatwić] komuś coś załatwiłem, że podjedzie po nią samochód
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arrange
to arrange for sb to have sth, I've arranged for the car to pick her up
fikcyjne małżeństwo
małżeństwo z rozsądku
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sham marriage
marriage of convenience
intercyza małżeńska
pot. intercyza
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marriage settlement
prenup (prenuptial agreement)
przyłączać się, podążać za modą
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to climb [or jump] on the bandwagon
dokładnie coś przemyśleć
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to give sth careful consideration
rozbiór Polski
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partition of Poland
z biegiem życia
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over the course of live / over [UK] the course of time / over the life
okoliczności, sytuacje
zmieniające się okoliczności
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circumstances
change in circumstances
plątanina uczuć
zależności finansowe
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emotional entanglement
financial entanglement
odnieść obrażenia
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to sustain injuries / get injured
utrzymywać
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sustain
sustain growth, sustain relationships, sustain effort
a very unpleasant and painful or difficult experience, gehenna
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ordeal
Throughout the ordeal, he was sustained by the belief that he would get home.
opłacalny
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viable
I am afraid your plan is not commercially/economically/financially/politically viable.
możliwy
alternatywa, opcja, propozycja, kandydant
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viable
alternative/option/proposition, He would be a viable candidate for any office he wanted to run for.
wykonalny
zdolny do utrzymania się przy życiu
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viable
There is a continuing debate about the age at which a human foetus can be considered viable.
wartość pieniężna
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monetary value
It's hard to put a monetary value on the harm that was done.
niewierność [małżeńska]
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infidelity
średnio, średnie (zarobki, przychody, opady...)
dzienna, miesięczna, kwartalna średnia
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on average (earnings, incoms, rainfalls...)
daily/monthly/quarterly average
ponadprzeciętny, powyżej przeciętnej / poniżej przeciętnej
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above (the) average / below (the) average
pokora
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humility
You need a bit of modesty and humility to achieve that. He doesn't have the humility to admit when he's wrong. They might be very rich, but it wouldn't hurt them to show a little humility.
zaangażowany
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involved, committed
przynieść korzyść
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bring benefit
dodatkowa korzyść
natychmiastowa, długoterminowa, daleko terminowa
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additional benefit
long-term/short-term/immediate benefit
zasiłek
starać się o..., być na..., osoba pobierająca zasiłek
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benefit
claim benefits, to on benefit, unemployment/disability/housing benefit, a benefit claimant
stłumić w zalążku
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nip it in the bud
sprzeczka, sprzeczać się
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squabble
stanowić podłoże czegoś
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to underlie sth
to be a hidden cause of or strong influence on something. More fundamental economic problems may underlie last week’s stock market slide.
the fact of agreeing with, accepting, or supporting something that another person suggests or does
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buy-in [noun]
If you want to go ahead with these plans, you'll need buy-in from the employees. Key to the scheme's success, he said, is the buy-in it gets from both students and parents.
the fact of stopping being involved in something
"olewanie", "nie zależy", "nie angażowanie się"
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disengagement [from sth]
Young people's disengagement from politics is part of a wider trend. This disengagement from social life is thought to be natural in older people.
błahy, mało ważny, drobny, insignificant,
drobne (pieniądze)
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petty
petty cash
szkodliwy dla czegoś [harmful] / beneficial
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detrimental to sth
detrimental effect/impact
skaza, defekt, mankament [w...]
poważna, drobna
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flaw, [defect, shortcoming, blemish] serious/major/minor flaw (in sth)
I returned the material because it had a flaw in it. A tiny mark flawed the otherwise perfect silk shirt.
zasadniczy błąd
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fundamental flaw
There's a fatal flaw in your reasoning.
to publicly say that a person, group, or business has done something wrong
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name and shame
The report names and shames companies that are not doing enough to fight industrial pollution.
dusić w sobie
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bottle something up
Feelings that had been bottled up for years came flooding out.
very quickly or very soon
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in no time
The kids ate their dinner in no time.
umiejętności zarządzania finansami
the ability to understand basic principles of business and finance
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finantial literacy
financial literacy class/seminar/program
umiejętność obsługi komputera
the ability to use computers well
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computer-literacy
Computer literacy will soon be as essential as driving a car. For the past four years I have been running courses in basic computer literacy.
wprowadzać w życie [plan, zarys]
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execute [plan, scheme] / put into practice
trafne spostrzeżenie
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insight
gruntownie coś rozumieć, zgłębić
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have / give / gain insight into sth
podkreślić
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underline, to emphasize
This tragic incident underlines the need for tighter safety measures. These findings underline the importance of nursery education.
urok
the quality of being able to attract and excite people
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allure
the allure of working in television
zrównać, wyrównać, ułożyć
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to align sth with sth
Make sure the columns align in the chart.
Align the ruler and the middle of the paper and then cut it straight. When you've aligned the notch on the gun with the target, fire!
markowy
made by a particular company and sold under a particular name
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branded
Most supermarkets sell branded goods such as Heinz ketchup or Kellogg's cornflakes as well as own-brand goods.
zaskoczony, zbity z tropu
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confounded [surprised, confused]
ogólny
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generic
Jazz is a generic term for a wide range of different styles of music.
a generic problem with sth
klarowność; czystość; niewinność
dźwięku, rasowa, etniczna, wody
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purity
ethnic/racial purity, purity of voice, air/water purity
oparcie, tracić równowagę
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footing, to lose one's footing
podstawy
na gruncie naukowym/oficjalnym na równi z...
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footing
on a scientific/official footing, on an equal footing with...
przeglądać, przekartkować (książkę, gazetę)
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skim [newspaper]
zachęta, bodziec, motywacja
ulgi podatkowe ulga finansowa
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incentive
tax incentives / finantial incentive
żyć z dnia na dzień, w sposób ledwo wystarczalny
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to live hand-to-mouth
na czarną godzinę
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for a rainy day
She had saved some money for a rainy day.
żywiciel(ka) rodziny
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breadwinner
zastanawiać [perf zastanowić] się nad czymś
dojść do wniosku, że...
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to reflect on sth, ponder something
to reflect that...
sytuacja, w której
w niektórych sytuacjach...
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context, where...
in some contexts...
wygłosić [pozytywną] uwagę, zauważać
robić uwagi na temat kogoś/czegoś
przytyk
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remark / make a [positive] remark
to remark (up)on sb/sth
personal comment [or remark]
nieakceptowalny [to disapprove of something]
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frown on/upon something
Smoking is frowned upon in many societies.
przegapić coś
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to miss out on sth [chance, opportunity]
to speak with enthusiasm about something
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talk something up
The candidate talked up his own plan to provide coverage for 27 million uninsured Americans.
If we talk up the event, people will come.
to complete or finish something
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wrap up something
It’s getting late – let’s wrap it up. She wrapped up a deal just before she left on vacation.
rozszerzać ofertę gdzieś (o coś)
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to branch out (in)to sth
ustępować z jakiegoś stanowiska
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to step down [from sth]
to delay something so that it happens later than planned
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push something back
The target date for construction has been pushed back.
wspierać [perf wesprzeć] finansowo / wpłacić kaucję za kogoś
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bail out
Run up a debt - zaciągać długi / Run up a bill - otrzymać rachunek
She keeps running up huge debts and asking friends to bail her out.
(of a business) to fail financially, become bankrupt
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go under
Nothing could be done to keep the bank from going under.
wjeżdżać, wyjeżdżać na ulicę
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pull out
A car pulled right out in front of me.
to stop being involved in an activity
Business English
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pull out
Lack of funding leaves us with no choice but to pull out. As part of the restructuring plan we will be pulling out of all operations in mainland Europe.
skupić się na, [to direct all your attention to one thing]
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zero in (on something/someone)
We’ve zeroed in on the real problem – we don’t save enough money.
zbierać pochwały za
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take credit for sth
chełpliwy
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braggy, boastful
sprawiać wrażenie kogoś
dobrze/źle wypadać
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to come across as sb
to come across well/badly
przyczynić się do czegoć
If someone or something is one of the most important influences in causing it to happen
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be instrumental in sth
She was instrumental in bringing about the prison reform act.
As secretary of state, he was instrumental in the creation of NATO.
to pierwsze... to drugie (ostatnie)
the first / last of two people, things, or groups previously mentioned
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the former... the latter
podejmować, angażować się w
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to engage in
umiejętnie, zręcznie, wprawnie
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skillfully
zaliczka
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advance amount, deposit
posuwać się naprzód, czynić postępy, zbliżać się do kogoś/czegoś
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to advance on sb/sth
The troops advanced on the city (= approached it, ready to attack).
The fire advanced steadily through the forest. We have advanced greatly in our knowledge of the universe. He's just trying to advance (= improve) his own career.
wzbudzić podejrzenie / mieć nieodparte/niejasne wrażenie
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rise suspicion / have nagging/sneaking suspicion
I had no suspicion that the firm might close They had been fooling me all along, and I had no suspicion.
I've got a sneaking suspicion that we're going the wrong way. We always had the suspicion that their marriage was not happy. I had a suspicion that he was up to something.
podejrzenie -> zarzuty
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suspicion -> allegations
In this particular case, they are above/beyond suspicion (= cannot be thought to be guilty). His strange behaviour aroused/raised his neighbours' suspicions.
"I'm arresting you on suspicion of illegally possessing drugs," said the police officer. In these cases, the parents usually come under suspicion. She is under suspicion of murder.
uznawać, uznać
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acknowledge
You must acknowledge the truth of her argument. [+ obj + to infinitive ] She is usually acknowledged to be one of our best artists. They refused to acknowledge (= to recognize officially) the new government.
She acknowledged having been at fault. [+ that ] She acknowledged that she had been at fault.
to tell someone, usually in a letter or email, that you have received something they sent you
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acknowledge
They didn't acknowledge my letter. acknowledge receipt of Please acknowledge receipt of this letter.
to show that you have seen someone
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acknowledge
He didn't even acknowledge my presence. He walked past her, without acknowledging her presence by the slightest alteration in his expression.
bagatelizować
to make something seem less important or less bad than it really is
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downplay
The government has been trying to downplay the crisis.
odwzajemniać się, rewanżować się
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to reciprocate [with sth]
to speak with enthusiasm about something
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talk up something/someone
The sales team has been keen to talk up the promotion
The candidate talked up his own plan to provide coverage for 27 million uninsured Americans.
to start to exist suddenly
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spring up
Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years.
klątwa / (przeciwieństwo wszystkiego, w co się wierzy)
something that is considered completely wrong and offensive
something that is strongly disliked or disapproved of
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anathema
The idea of higher taxes is anathema to most conservatives.
Credit controls are anathema to the government. For older employees, the new system is an anathema.
potajemnie, skrycie, ukradkowo
jawnie, otwarcie
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covertly [secretly, furtively]
overtly
przeprowadzać czystkę, wyeliminować, usuwać
to get rid of something unwanted, harmful, or evil
to get rid of people from an organization because you do not agree with them
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purge
Roman Catholics go to confession to purge their souls/themselves (from/of sin). The new state governor has promised to purge the police force of corruption.
Party leaders have undertaken to purge the party of extremists. Hard-liners are expected to be purged from the administration.
ścisły, sztywny, surowy, skostniały, nieustępliwy
przeciwieństwo
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rigid routine, rigid rules, rigid views, rigid person
flexible
uległość, całkowite posłuszeństwo, podporządkowanie (subjection)
złożenie (wniosku, aplikacji)
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submission (subjection)
submission (of applications)
przekazać komuś pozdrowienia
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to give one's regards to sb
przekazać wiadomość
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to pass on
odnosić się do kogoś/czegoś
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relate to somebody/something
zachować
to keep and protect something from damage, change, or waste
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retain
conserve your energy I'm not being lazy - I'm just conserving my energy for later. conserve your strength He rested all morning, conserving his strength for the competition in the afternoon.
To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our heating. The nationalists are very eager to conserve their customs and language.
to make the effort to do something (fatygować się, starać się)
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bother
I don't know why he bothers to bet - his horses always come in last. Don't bother drying the pans - just leave them to drain. It annoys me that she didn't bother to phone. Why bother getting up at all when you don't have a job to go to?
Don't bother making the bed - I'll do it later. You'd have found it if you'd bothered looking/to look. He hasn't even bothered to write. You could have phoned us but you just didn't bother.
martwić, zasmucać [to make someone feel worried or upset]
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bother
I don't care if he doesn't come - it doesn't bother me. It bothers me that he doesn't seem to notice.
Does it bother you that he's out so much of the time? Living on my own has never bothered me.
przeszkadzać komuć
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to bother someone
I didn't want to bother her with work matters on her day off. The noise was beginning to bother us, so we left. She threatened to call the police if he didn't stop bothering her.
Don't bother your father when he's working. sorry to bother you I'm sorry to bother you, but could you help me lift this suitcase?
pozbywać się kogoś/czegoś/ skończyć z kimś / z czymś
[end a regular habit or custom]
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to do away with sb/sth
How could they do away with a beautiful old building like that and put a car park there instead?
These ridiculous rules and regulations should have been done away with years ago. Computerization has enabled us to do away with a lot of paperwork.
uchwalać, ustanawiać [prawo]
make something into a law
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enact [sanction]
ofiara śmiertelna, śmiertelność
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fatality
domagać się czegoś, przekonywać kogoś
to try to persuade a politician, the government, or an official group that a particular thing should or should not happen, or that a law should be changed
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lobby sb [convince, persuade]
They are lobbying for tax cuts. We are lobbying for changes to the law on drinking and driving. Farmers lobbied hard against the export bans. They lobbied to have the head teacher removed. They are lobbying for better healthcare facilities.
Small businesses have lobbied hard for/against changes in the tax laws. Local residents lobbied to have the factory shut down. They have been lobbying Congress to change the legislation concerning guns.
odwrócić, odmienić
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reverse
There is pressure on the council to reverse its decision. He reversed into a lamppost and damaged the back of the car. They claim the product can reverse the signs of ageing. To complete the test he had to reverse the vehicle into a parking space.
The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes. Now that you have a job and I don't, our situations are reversed. The Court of Appeal reversed the earlier judgment.
to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightly
(of an idea, opinion, etc.) to change
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shift
Society's attitudes towards women have shifted enormously over the last century. Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues.
She shifted (her weight) uneasily from one foot to the other. The wind is expected to shift (to the east) tomorrow.
to discover the causes or origins of something by examining the way in which it has developed
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trace back
The outbreak of food poisoning was traced to some contaminated shellfish. She has traced her family history back to the seventeenth century. The practice of giving eggs at Easter can be traced back to (= first happened in) festivals in ancient China.

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