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firm1 /fɜ: m; US / noun [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] a business company Which firm do you work for? The firm is/are opening new stores every year. ▶ firma przedsiębiorstwo

firm2 /fɜ: m; US / adj. 1 able to stay the same shape when pressed; quite hard a firm mattress firm muscles Choose a melon that is firm, but not hard. ▶ twardy (owoce itp.) jędrny ⇨ look at hard

3firm (with sb) strong and in control He’s very firm with his children. You have to show the examiner that you have a firm grasp of grammar (solidną znajomość gramatyki). ▶ stanowczy (wobec kogoś)

to hold sth firmly ‘ I can manage,’ she said firmly. It is now firmly established as one of the leading brands in the country. Wyrobiła sobie mocną pozycję Keep your eyes firmly fixed on the road ahead. Nie odrywaj wzroku ▶ twardo stanowczo

1 before any others Sue arrived first at the party. He always wants to come first when he plays a game. Do you want to go first or second? ▶ (jako) pierwszy 2 before doing anything else I’ve got to finish my homework first. ▶ najpierw

ˌfirst ˈclass1 noun [uncountable] 1 the best and most expensive seats on a train, ship, etc. There is more room in first class. ▶ pierwsza klasa

1of the highest standard a first-class player This book is really first-class. ▶ pierwszorzędny znakomity 2[before a noun] (used about the best and most expensive seats on a train, ship, etc.) a first-class cabin/seat/ticket ▶ pierwszej klasy

cousin /ˈkʌzn; US / (also ˌfirst ˈcousin) noun [countable] the child of your aunt or uncle Paul and I are cousins. ▶ brat/siostra cioteczn-y/a brat/siostra stryjeczn-y/a kuzyn/ka

the ˌfirst ˈfloor noun [countable] 1 (Brit.) the floor of a building above the ground floor I live in a flat on the first floor. a first-floor flat ▶ pierwsze piętro

ˌfirst ˈgear noun [countable] the lowest gear on a car, bicycle, etc. To move off, put the car into first gear and slowly release the clutch. ▶ pierwszy bieg

first-hand /ˌfɜ: st ˈhænd; US / adj. (used about information, experience, a story, etc.) heard, seen or learnt by yourself, not from other people He gave me a first-hand account of the accident. ▶ z pierwszej ręki bezpośredni

firstly /ˈfɜ: stli; US / adv. (used to introduce the first point in a list) They were angry firstly because they had to pay extra, and secondly because no one had told them about it. ▶ po pierwsze  SYNONYM  first2 (4)

fir /fɜ:(r); US / (also ˈfir tree) noun [countable] a tree with needles that do not fall off in winter ▶ jodła

fiscal /ˈfɪskl; US / adj. connected with government or public money, especially taxes fiscal policies/reforms ▶ fiskalny

W lm najcześciej używa się formy fish. Fishes stosuje się, gdy mówimy o różnych gatunkach ryb: I went diving on holiday – it was fantastic to see so many different fishes (gatunki ryb)

fish1 /fɪʃ; US / noun (pl. fish or fishes) 1 [countable] an animal that lives and breathes in water and swims How many fish have you caught? ▶ ryba rybny

Mówiąc o łowieniu ryb dla przyjemności, zwykle używa się zwrotu go fishing: They often go fishing at weekends.

fish2 /fɪʃ; US / verb [intransitive] 1fish (for sth) to try to catch fish He’s fishing for trout. ▶ łowić ryby wędkować

fishcake /ˈfɪʃkeɪk; US / noun [countable] (especially Brit.) pieces of fish mixed with potato that are made into a flat round shape, covered with breadcrumbs and fried ▶ kotlet rybny

fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən; US / noun [countable] (pl. -men /-mən; US /) a person who catches fish either as a job or as a sport ▶ rybak wędkarz ⇨ look at angler

fishery /ˈfɪʃəri; US / noun [countable] (pl. fisheries) 1 a part of the sea or a river where fish are caught in large quantities a herring fishery coastal/freshwater fisheries ▶ łowisko (na terenach wodnych) 2= fish farm a trout fishery

ˌfish ˈfinger (US ˌfish ˈstick) noun [countable] a long narrow piece of fish covered with breadcrumbs or batter, usually frozen and sold in packs ▶ paluszek rybny

fishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ; US / noun [uncountable] catching fish as a job, sport or hobby Fishing is a major industry in Iceland. ▶ rybołówstwo wędkarstwo łowienie ryb

ˈfishing rod noun [countable] a long thin stick with a line and a hook on it for catching fish ▶ wędka

fishmonger /ˈfɪʃmʌŋɡə(r); US / noun (Brit.) 1 [countable] a person whose job is to sell fish ▶ sprzedaw-ca/czyni ryb 2 (the fishmonger’s) [sing.] a shop that sells fish ▶ sklep rybny

ˈfish slice (US spatula) noun [countable] a kitchen utensil that has a broad flat blade with narrow holes in it attached to a long handle, used for turning and lifting food when cooking ▶ łopatka kuchenna

fission /ˈfɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] (also ˌnuclear ˈfission) the act or process of splitting the nucleus of an atom, when a large amount of energy is produced ▶ (fiz.) rozszczepienie (jądra atomu) ⇨ look at fusion, nuclear

fist /fɪst; US / noun [countable] a hand with the fingers closed together tightly She clenched her fists in anger. ▶ pięść

fit1 /fɪt; US / verb (fitting; fitted) 1[intr, tran] to be the right size or shape for sb/sth These jeans fit very well. This dress doesn’t fit me any more. Ta suknia nie jest już na mnie dobra. This key doesn’t fit in the lock.

2[transitive] fit (sb/sth) in/into/on/onto sth to find or have enough space for sb/sth My car won’t fit into your garage. I can’t fit into these trousers any more. I can’t fit all these books onto the shelf. ▶ mieścić (się)

3[tran] to put or fix sth in the right place They fitted a smoke alarm to the ceiling. The builders are fitting (wstawiają) new windows today. I can’t fit these pieces of the model together. We fitted together the pieces of the puzzle. ▶ montować

4[transitive] to be or make sb/sth right or suitable The description fits Jo perfectly. Jo doskonale odpowiada temu opisowi. I don’t think Tom’s fitted (jest odpowiednią osobą) for such a demanding job. ▶ być/czynić odpowiednim kwalifikować

fit2 /fɪt; US / adj. (fitter; fittest) 1fit (for sth/to do sth) strong and in good physical health (especially because of exercise)

2fit (for sb/sth); fit to do sth good enough; suitable Do you think she is fit for the job? These houses are not fit (for people) to live in. ▶ odpowiedni nadający się

fit3 /fɪt; US / noun 1 [countable] a sudden attack of an illness, in which sb becomes unconscious and their body may make violent movements to have fits ▶ atak (drgawek) napad

fitness /ˈfɪtnəs; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the condition of being strong and healthy Fitness is important in most sports. ▶ (dobra) forma kondycja

ˈfitness centre (US ˈfitness center) noun [countable] a place where people go to do physical exercise in order to stay or become healthy and fit The hotel has a fitness centre with a sauna. ▶ centrum fitnessu gabinet odnowy biologicznej

fitted /ˈfɪtɪd/ adj. [only before a noun] made or cut to fit a particular space and fixed there a fitted carpet wykładzina dywanowa a fitted kitchen kuchnia z zamontowanym wyposażeniem fitted cupboards zamontowane szafki ▶ dopasowany zabudowany

fitting1 /ˈfɪtɪŋ; US / adj. 1 (formal) right; suitable It was fitting for the Olympics to be held in Greece, as that is where they originated. ▶ odpowiedni stosowny

fitting2 /ˈfɪtɪŋ; US / noun [countable, usually pl.] the things that are fixed in a building or on a piece of furniture but that can be changed or moved if necessary ▶ wyposażenie ruchome urządzenia ⇨

ˈfitting room noun [countable] a room in a shop where you can put on clothes to see how they look ▶ przymierzalnia

fix1 /fɪks/ verb [tran] 1 to put sth firmly in place so that it will not move Can you fix this new handle to the door? He fixed the post firmly in the ground. • (fig) I found it difficult to keep my mind fixed on my work. ▶ zamocować przymocować

4 to repair sth The electrician’s coming to fix the cooker. ▶ naprawiać

fix2 /fɪks; US / noun [countable] 1 a solution to a problem, especially one that is easy or temporary There’s no quick fix to this problem. ▶ rozwiązanie

fixated /fɪkˈseɪtɪd; US / adj. [not before a noun] fixated (on sb/sth) always thinking and talking about sb/sth in a way that is not normal He is fixated on things that remind him of his childhood. ▶ mający obsesję (na punkcie kogoś/czegoś)

fixation /fɪkˈseɪʃn; US / noun [countable] a fixation (with sth) an interest in sth that is too strong and not normal I’m tired of James’s fixation with football. ▶ mania obsesja bzik

fixative /ˈfɪksətɪv/ noun [cou, unc] 1 a substance that is used to prevent colours or smells from changing or becoming weaker, for example in photography, art or the making of perfume ▶ środek utrwalający (zwł. do kolorów i zapachów) utrwalacz

fixed /fɪkst; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 already decided a fixed date/price/rent ▶ ustalony ⇨ look at movable

fixture /ˈfɪkstʃə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a sports event arranged for a particular day a fixture list to arrange/cancel/play a fixture ▶ impreza sportowa wyznaczona na dany dzień

fizz /fɪz; US / noun [uncountable] the bubbles in a liquid and the sound they make This lemonade’s lost its fizz. ▶ bąbelki gaz □ fizz verb [intransitive] ▶ musować

Mówiąc o wodzie mineralnej lub winie, zwykle używa się słowa sparkling, a nie fizzy.

fizzy /ˈfɪzi; US / adj. (fizzier; fizziest) (used about a drink) containing many small bubbles of gas ▶ gazowany musujący

ˌfizzy ˈdrink (US soda) noun [countable] a sweet drink without alcohol that contains many small bubbles The only fizzy drinks I’ve got are cola and lemonade. ▶ napój gazowany

flabby /ˈflæbi; US / adj. (flabbier; flabbiest) 1 (used about a person) having too much soft fat instead of muscle a flabby stomach ▶ sflaczały obwisły 2 (used about muscles, arms, legs, etc.) too soft ▶ zwiotczały

flag1 /flæɡ; US / noun [countable] a piece of cloth with a pattern or picture on it, often tied to a flagpole or a rope and used as a symbol of a country, club, etc. or as a signal The flag is flying for the Queen’s birthday.

flagpole /ˈflæɡpəʊl; US / (also flagstaff) noun [countable] a tall pole on which a flag is hung ▶ maszt flagowy

flair /fleə(r); US / noun 1 [sing.] (a) flair for sth a natural ability to do sth well She has a flair for (ma talent do) languages. ▶ talent zdolności dar

flake1 /fleɪk; US / noun [countable] a small thin piece of sth snowflakes flakes of paint ▶ płatek

flake2 /fleɪk; US / verb [intransitive] flake (off) to come off in flakes This paint is very old – it’s beginning to flake (off). ▶ łuszczyć się odpadać płatami

flame /fleɪm; US / noun [countable, uncountable] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW an area of bright burning gas that comes from sth that is on fire

flaky /ˈfleɪki; US / adj. 1 tending to break into small, thin pieces flaky pastry dry flaky skin ▶ odpadający łuszczący się

flaming /ˈfleɪmɪŋ; US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 (used about anger, an argument, etc.) violent We had a flaming argument over the bills. ▶ gwałtowny 2 burning brightly a flaming bonfire ▶ płonący

flamingo /fləˈmɪŋɡəʊ; US / (pl. flamingoes or flamingos) noun [countable] a large pink and red bird that has long legs and stands in water ▶ flaming

flammable /ˈflæməbl; US / adj. able to burn easily ▶ łatwopalny

flan /flæn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a round open pie that is filled with fruit, cheese, vegetables, etc. ▶ placek tarta

flank1 /flæŋk; US / noun [countable] 1 the parts of an army at the sides in a battle ▶ skrzydło (odziału wojska) flanka 2 the side of an animal’s body ▶ bok (zwierzęcia)

flannel /ˈflænl; US / noun 1 [uncountable] a type of soft cloth made of wool ▶ flanela 2= facecloth

flap1 /flæp; US / noun [countable] a piece of cloth, paper, etc. that is fixed to sth at one side only, often covering an opening the flap of an envelope ▶ klapka poła skrzydełko

flap2 /flæp; US / verb (flapping; flapped) 1 [intransitive, transitive] to move (sth) up and down or from side to side, especially in the wind The sails were flapping in the wind. The bird flapped its wings and flew away. ▶ trzepotać (się)

flare1 /fleə(r); US / verb [intransitive] to burn for a short time with a sudden bright flame ▶ zapłonąć

flare2 /fleə(r); US / noun 1 [sing.] a sudden bright light or flame ▶ płomień błysk

flared /fleəd; US / adj. (used about trousers and skirts) becoming wider towards the bottom edge flared jeans/ trousers dzwony ▶ rozszerzany dołem

flash1 /flæʃ; US / verb 1[int, tran] to produce or make sth produce a sudden bright light for a short time The neon sign above the door flashed on and off all night. That lorry driver’s flashing his lights at us. ▶ błyskać (się) świecić (się)

to move very fast I saw something flash past the window. Thoughts kept flashing through my mind and I couldn’t sleep. ▶ migać przemykać

flash2 /flæʃ; US / noun 1[c] a sudden bright light that comes and goes quickly a flash of lightning ▶ błysk błyskawica 2[countable] a flash (of sth) a sudden strong feeling or idea a flash of inspiration ▶ przypływ (np. natchnienia)

flashback /ˈflæʃbæk; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a part of a film, play, etc. that shows sth that happened before the main story ▶ (film; teatr) retrospekcja

flashy /ˈflæʃi; US / adj. (flashier; flashiest) attracting attention by being very big, bright and expensive a flashy sports car flashy clothes/jewellery ▶ efektowny jaskrawy krzykliwy

flask /flɑ: sk; US flæsk / noun [countable] 1 a bottle with a narrow neck that is used for storing and mixing chemicals in scientific work ▶ (chem.) kolba retorta 2 (Brit.) = Thermos

flat1 /flæt; US / adj. (flatter; flattest) 1 smooth and level, with no parts that are higher than the rest I need a flat surface to write this letter on. a flat roof The countryside in Essex is quite flat (równinny). ▶ płaski równy

flat2 /flæt; US / noun 1 [countable] (especially US apartment) a set of rooms that is used as a home (usually in a large building) Do you rent your flat or have you bought it? That old house has been divided into luxury flats. ▶ mieszkanie

flatmate /ˈflætmeɪt; US / (US ˈroom-mate) noun [countable] a person who shares a flat with one or more others ▶ współlokator/ka

flatten /ˈflætn; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] flatten (sth) (out) to become or make sth flat The countryside flattens out as you get nearer the sea. The storms have flattened crops all over the country. ▶ wyrównywać (się) spłaszczać (się)

flatter /ˈflætə(r); US / verb [transitive] 1 to say nice things to sb, often in a way that is not sincere, because you want to please them or because you want to get an advantage for yourself ▶ schlebiać pochlebiać

flattering /ˈflætərɪŋ; US / adj. making sb look or sound more attractive or important than they really are ▶ (wygląd itp.) korzystny (ubranie) twarzowy pochlebny

flavour1 (US flavor) /ˈfleɪvə(r); US / noun ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[countable, uncountable] the taste (of food) Do you think a little salt would improve the flavour? ten different flavours of yogurt yogurt in ten different flavours ▶ smak

flavour2 (US flavor) /ˈfleɪvə(r); US / verb [transitive] to give flavour to sth Add a little nutmeg to flavour the sauce. strawberry-flavoured (o smaku truskawkowym) milkshake ▶ przyprawiać

flaw /flɔ:; US / noun [countable] 1a flaw (in sth) a mistake in sth that makes it not good enough or causes it not to function as it should There are some flaws in her argument. ▶ błąd słaby punkt

□ flawed /; US / adj. with a fault or weakness so that it is not perfect I think your plan is flawed. ▶ błędny wadliwy ze skazą

flax /flæks; US / noun [uncountable] 1 a small plant with blue flowers, that is grown for its stem and seeds ▶ len 2 the thread that is used for making linen. It comes from the flax plant. ▶ włókno lniane

flea /fli:; US / noun [countable] a very small jumping insect without wings that lives on animals, for example cats and dogs. Fleas bite people and animals and make them scratch. ▶ pchła

ˈflea market noun [countable] a market, often in a street, that sells old and used goods ▶ pchli targ

fleck /flek; US / noun [countable, usually pl.] a very small mark on sth; a very small piece of sth After painting the ceiling, her hair was covered with flecks of blue paint. ▶ plamka pyłek

flee /fli:; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (past tense, past participle fled /fled; US /) flee (to.../into...); flee (from) sb/sth to run away or escape from sth When the hunter fired his gun the tiger turned and fled into the trees.

fleece1 /fli: s; US / noun 1 [countable] the wool coat of a sheep ▶ runo wełna

fleet /fli: t; US / noun [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] 1 a group of ships or boats that sail together a fishing fleet ▶ flota flotylla

flesh /fleʃ; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the soft part of a human or animal body (between the bones and under the skin) Tigers are flesh-eating animals. ▶ ciało mięso Mięso zwierząt, które się spożywa, to meat.

flex1 /fleks; US / verb [transitive] to bend or move a leg, arm, muscle, etc. in order to exercise it ▶ zginać ćwiczyć

flex2 /fleks; US / (especially US cord) noun [countable, uncountable] (a piece of) wire inside a plastic tube, used for carrying electricity to electrical equipment ▶ przewód elektryczny kabel

flexible /ˈfleksəbl; US / adj. 1 that can be changed easily flexible working hours ruchomy czas pracy ▶ elastyczny ustępliwy 2 able to bend or move easily without breaking ▶ elastyczny giętki

flexitime /ˈfleksitaɪm; US / (US usually flextime /ˈflekstaɪm; US /) noun [countable] a system in which employees work a particular number of hours each week or month but can choose when they start and finish work each day ▶ ruchomy czas pracy

/ˈflɪkə(r)/ 1 (used about a light or a flame) to keep going on and off as it burns or shines The candle flickered and went out. ▶ drgać migotać 2 (about a feeling, thought) to appear for a short time A smile flickered across her face. ▶ zabłysnąć

flicker2 /ˈflɪkə(r); US / noun [countable, usually sing.] 1 a light that shines on and off quickly the flicker of the TV/flames ▶ migotanie miganie 2 a small, sudden movement of part of the body ▶ drganie trzepotanie

flick /flɪk; US / verb 1 [transitive] flick sth (away, off, onto, etc.) to hit sth lightly and quickly with your finger or hand in order to move it She flicked the dust off her jacket. Please don’t flick ash on the carpet. ▶ strzepywać

□ flick noun [countable] ▶ prztyczek pstryczek