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forget /fəˈɡet/ verb (past tense forgot /fəˈɡɒt; US /, past participle forgotten /fəˈɡɒtn; US /) 1[transitive] forget (doing) sth to not be able to remember sth You never forget how to ride a bicycle. I’ve forgotten what I was going to say.

Mówiąc o miejscu, w którym czegoś zapomnieliśmy, należy użyć czasownika leave. Uwaga! Nie można powiedzieć My father forgot his passport at home. Należy powiedzieć: He left his passport at home.

2[int, t]forget (about) sth; forget to do sth to fail to remember ‘ Why didn’t you come to the party?’ ‘ Oh dear! I completely forgot about it!’ ‘ Did you feed the cat?’ ‘ Sorry, I forgot.’ Don’t forget to do your homework! ▶ zapominać

4 [i, t] forget (about) sb/sth; forget about doing sth to make an effort to stop thinking about sb/sth; to stop thinking that sth is possible Forget about your work and enjoy yourself! ‘ I’m sorry I shouted at you.’ ‘ Forget it.’ ▶ zapominać

forgetful /fəˈɡetfl; US / adj. often forgetting things My mother’s nearly 80 and she’s starting to get a bit forgetful (zaczyna zapominać o różnych rzeczach). ▶ zapominalski

forgivable /fəˈɡɪvəbl; US / adj. that can be forgiven ▶ wybaczalny

/fəˈɡɪv/ [t] (past tense forgave /fəˈɡeɪv ; US /, past participle forgiven /fəˈɡɪvn ; US /) 1forgive sb/yourself (for sth/for doing sth) to stop being angry towards sb for sth that they have done wrong I can’t forgive his behaviour last night.

2forgive me (for doing sth) (used for politely saying sorry) Forgive me for asking, but where did you get that dress? ▶ przepraszać wybaczać darować

forgo (also forego) /fɔ:ˈɡəʊ; US / verb [transitive] (forgoes /-ˈɡəʊz; US /, past tense forwent /-ˈwent; US /, past participle forgone /-ˈɡɒn; US /) (formal) to decide not to have or do sth that you want

fork1 /fɔ: k; US / noun [c] 1 a small metal object with a handle and two or more prongs that you use for lifting food to your mouth when eating a knife and fork ▶ widelec

fork2 /fɔ: k; US / verb [intransitive] 1 (used about a road, river, etc.) to divide into two parts Bear right where the road forks. ▶ rozwidlać się rozdzielać się rozgałęziać się

forklift truck /ˌfɔ: klɪft ˈtrʌk; US / (also ˈforklift) noun [countable] a vehicle with special equipment on the front for moving and lifting heavy objects ▶ wózek widłowy

form1 /fɔ: m; US / noun ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[countable] a particular type or variety of sth or a way of doing sth Swimming is a good form of exercise. We never eat meat in any form. What form will the meeting take? ▶ forma postać

3[countable] an official document with questions on it and spaces where you give answers and personal information an entry form for a competition Please fill in an application form. ▶ formularz druk blankiet

form2 /fɔ: m; US / verb 1[intransitive, transitive] to begin to exist or to make sth exist Buds form on trees in the early spring. A pattern was beginning to form in the monthly sales figures. These tracks were formed by rabbits. ▶ tworzyć (się)

3[transitive] to make or organize sth They formed a group called ‘ Citizens for Nature’. to form a government In English we usually form the past tense by adding ‘ -ed’. ▶ tworzyć organizować

5[transitive] to be the thing mentioned Seminars form the main part of the course. The survey formed part of a larger programme of market research. ▶ tworzyć stanowić część czegoś

formal /ˈfɔ: ml; US / adj. 1used when you want to appear serious or official ‘ Yours faithfully’ is a formal way of ending a letter. She has a very formal manner – she doesn’t seem to be able to relax. a formal occasion ▶ formalny oficjalny

□ formally /-məli; US / adv. ▶ formalnie oficjalnie urzędowo

formality /fɔ:ˈmæləti; US / noun (pl. formalities) 1[countable] an action that is necessary according to custom or law There are certain formalities to attend to before we can give you a visa. ▶ formalność

formalize (also formalise) /ˈfɔ: məlaɪz; US / verb [transitive] 1 to make an arrangement, a plan or a relationship official They decided to formalize their relationship by getting married. ▶ formalizować

format1 /ˈfɔ: mæt; US / noun [countable] the shape of sth or the way it is arranged or produced It’s the same book but in a different format. ▶ format

format2 /ˈfɔ: mæt; US / verb [transitive] (formatting; formatted) 1 to prepare a computer disk so that data can be recorded on it to format a disk ▶ formatować 2 to arrange text on a page or a screen to format a document ▶ formatować

formation /fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn; US / noun 1 [uncountable] the act of making or developing sth the formation of a new government ▶ formowanie budowanie kształtowanie tworzenie

formative /ˈfɔ: mətɪv; US / adj. [only before a noun] having an important and lasting influence (on sb’s character and opinions) A child’s early years are thought to be the most formative ones. ▶ kształtujący twórczy

former /ˈfɔ: mə(r) / adj. [only before a noun] of an earlier time; belonging to the past Bill Clinton, the former American President Their new neighbour is a former teacher. In former times people often had larger families. ▶ były dawny miniony

formerly /ˈfɔ: məli / adv in the past; before now the country of Myanmar (formerly Burma) The hotel was formerly a castle. W tym samym znaczeniu częściej używa się wyrażenia used to: The hotel used to be a castle. ▶ uprzednio dawniej w przeszłości

formidable /ˈfɔ: mɪdəbl; fəˈmɪd-; US / adj. 1 causing you to be quite frightened His mother is a rather formidable lady. ▶ groźny budzący respekt

formula /ˈfɔ: mjələ / [c] (pl. formulas or formulae /-li:; US /) 1 (technical) a group of signs, letters or numbers used in science or mathematics to express a general law or fact What is the formula for converting miles to kilometres? ▶ wzór

3a formula for (doing) sth a plan of how to get or do sth What is her formula for success? Unfortunately, there’s no magic formula for a perfect marriage. ▶ recepta (np. na sukces) przepis

formulate /ˈfɔ: mjuleɪt; US / verb [transitive] 1 to prepare and organize a plan or ideas for doing sth to formulate a plan ▶ formułować opracowywać

/fəˈseɪk/ v [t] (forsook /fəˈsʊk/, past participle forsaken /fəˈseɪkən /) forsake sb/sth (for sb/sth) 1 to leave sb/sth, especially when you have a responsibility to stay He had made it clear to his wife that he would never forsake her. ▶ porzucać

fort /fɔ: t; US / noun [countable] a strong building that is used for military defence ▶ fort

forte /ˈfɔ: teɪ; US fɔ: rt / noun [sing.] a thing that sb does particularly well Languages were never my forte. ▶ mocna strona

forthcoming /ˌfɔ:ɵˈkʌmɪŋ; US / adj. 1 that will happen or appear in the near future Look in the local paper for a list of forthcoming events. ▶ nadchodzący zbliżający się

forthright /ˈfɔ:ɵraɪt; US / adj. saying exactly what you think in a clear and direct way ▶ otwarty prostolinijny szczery

fortification /ˌfɔ: tɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; US / noun [countable, usually pl.] walls, towers, etc., built especially in the past to protect a place against attack Roman fortifications ▶ fortyfikacja umocnienie

fortify /ˈfɔ: tɪfaɪ; US / verb [transitive] (fortifying; fortifies; past tense, past participle fortified) to make a place stronger and ready for an attack to fortify a city ▶ fortyfikować umacniać

fortnight /ˈfɔ: tnaɪt; US / noun [countable, usually sing.] (Brit.) two weeks We’re going on holiday for a fortnight. a fortnight’s holiday School finishes in a fortnight/in a fortnight’s time (za dwa tygodnie). ▶ dwa tygodnie

fortress /ˈfɔ: trəs; US / noun [countable] a castle or other large strong building that it is not easy to attack ▶ forteca twierdza

fortunate /ˈfɔ: tʃənət; US / adj. lucky You were fortunate (miałeś szczęście) to have such lovely weather for your holiday. It was fortunate that (na szczęście) he was at home when you phoned. ▶ szczęśliwy  OPPOSITE  unfortunate

fortunately /ˈfɔ: tʃənətli; US / adv. by good luck Fortunately the traffic wasn’t too bad so I managed to get to the meeting on time. Roz arrived late but, fortunately for her, everybody was too busy to notice. ▶ na szczęście szczęśliwie (dla kogoś)

fortune /ˈfɔ: tʃu: n; US / noun 1 [uncountable] chance or the power that affects what happens in sb’s life; luck Fortune was not on our side that day. ▶ fortuna los szczęście

3[countable, usually pl.] the things (both good and bad) that happen to a person, family, country, etc. The country’s fortunes depend on its industry being successful. ▶ losy pomyślność

ˈfortune-teller noun [countable] a person who tells people what will happen to them in the future ▶ wróżbita wróżka

forum /ˈfɔ: rəm; US / noun [countable] a forum (for sth) a place or meeting where people can exchange and discuss ideas TV is now an important forum for political debate. ▶ forum

forward1 /ˈfɔ: wəd / 1(also forwards) in the direction that is in front of you; towards the front, end or future Keep going forward and try not to look back. We seem to be going backwards, not forwards. ▶ naprzód w przyszłość w przód/do przodu

forward2 /ˈfɔ: wəd/ adj. 1 [only before a noun] towards the front or future forward planning ▶ przedni przyszłościowy

forward3 /ˈfɔ: wəd; US / verb [transitive] 1 to send a letter, etc. received at one address to a new address The post office is forwarding all our mail. ▶ przesyłać dalej (na inny/nowy adres) przekazywać

forward4 /ˈfɔ: wəd; US / noun [countable] an attacking player in a sport such as football ▶ napastnik

ˈforward-looking adj. thinking about or planning for the future; having modern ideas ▶ (osoba) o dalekowzrocznych planach przyszłościowy postępowy

ˈforward slash noun [countable] a mark ( / ) used in computer commands and in Internet addresses ▶ ukośnik (prawy)

fossil /ˈfɒsl; US / noun [countable] (part of) an animal or plant that lived thousands of years ago which has turned into rock ▶ skamielina

ˈfossil fuel noun [countable, uncountable] fuel such as coal or oil, that was formed over millions of years from the remains of animals or plants Carbon dioxide is produced in huge amounts when fossil fuels are burned. ▶ paliwo pochodzenia organicznego

fossilize (also fossilise) /ˈfɒsəlaɪz; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] 1[usually passive] to become or make sth become afossil fossilized bones ▶ kamienieć tworzyć skamielinę

Przybrani rodzice to foster parents, a przybrane dziecko to foster child.

foster /ˈfɒstə(r); US; / verb [transitive] 1 to help or encourage the development of sth (especially feelings or ideas) to foster somebody’s friendship/trust ▶ podsycać popierać

foul1 /faʊl; US / adj. 1 that smells or tastes disgusting The air in the room was foul so she opened all the windows. a foul-smelling cigar This coffee tastes foul! ▶ obrzydliwy cuchnący

3 (used about language) very rude; full of swearing foul language He’s got a foul mouth. Wyraża się wulgarnie. ▶ ordynarny sprośny

foul2 /faʊl; US / verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] (used in sports) to attack another player in a way that is not allowed Shearer was fouled inside the box and the referee awarded his team a penalty. ▶ faulować

foul3 /faʊl; US / noun [countable] (used in sports) an action that is against the rules to commit a foul He was sent off for a foul on the goalkeeper. ▶ faul

/faʊnd/ [t] 1 to start an organization, institution, etc. This museum was founded in 1683. ▶ zakładać fundować 2 to be the first to start building and living in a town or country Liberia was founded by freed American slaves. ▶ tworzyć budować

foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn; US / noun 1 (foundations) [pl.] a layer of bricks, etc. under the surface of the ground that forms the solid base of a building The builders have only just started to lay the foundations of the new school. ▶ fundamenty

3[countable] an organization that provides money for a special purpose The British Heart Foundation Brytyjska Fundacja Zapobiegania Chorobom Serca ▶ fundacja

founder /ˈfaʊndə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who starts a new institution or organization a portrait of the founder of our school ▶ założyciel

ˌfounder ˈmember noun [countable] one of the original members of a club, organization, etc. ▶ członek-założyciel

foundry /ˈfaʊndri; US / noun [countable] (pl. foundries) a place where metal or glass is melted and shaped into objects ▶ odlewnia huta

fountain /ˈfaʊntən; US -tn / noun [countable] 1 a decoration (in a garden or in a square in a town) that sends a flow of water into the air; the water that comes out of a fountain ▶ fontanna wodotrysk

ˈfountain pen noun [countable] a type of pen that you fill with ink ▶ wieczne pióro

ˌfour-wheel ˈdrive adj. (used about a vehicle) having an engine that turns all four wheels ▶ napęd na cztery koła samochód z napędem na cztery koła

fowl /faʊl; US / noun [countable] (pl. fowl or fowls) a bird, especially a chicken, that is kept on a farm ▶ drób ptak

fox /fɒks; US / noun [countable] a wild animal like a small dog with reddish-brown fur, a pointed nose and a thick tail ▶ lis A fox is often described as sly or cunning. A female fox is a vixen, a young fox is a cub.

foyer /ˈfɔɪeɪ; US / noun [countable] an entrance hall in a cinema, theatre, hotel, etc. where people can meet or wait ▶ foyer

fraction /ˈfrækʃn; US / noun [countable] 1 a small part or amount For a fraction of a second I thought the car was going to crash. ▶ ułamek cząstka kawałek 2 a division of a number ½ and ¼ are fractions. ▶ ułamek

fractionally /ˈfrækʃənəli; US / adv. to a very small degree; slightly fractionally faster/taller/heavier ▶ o ułamek sekundy odrobinę

fracture /ˈfræktʃə(r); US / noun [countable, uncountable] a break in a bone or other hard material ▶ złamanie pęknięcie

fragile /ˈfrædʒaɪl; US -dʒl / adj. easily damaged or broken This bowl is very fragile. Please handle it carefully. ▶ kruchy delikatny łamliwy

fragment1 /ˈfræɡmənt / noun [countable] a small piece that has broken off or that comes from sth larger The builders found fragments of Roman pottery on the site. I heard only a fragment of their conversation. ▶ fragment szczątek okruch urywek

fragrance /ˈfreɪɡrəns; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a pleasant smell ▶ zapach aromat

fragrant /ˈfreɪɡrənt; US / adj. having a pleasant smell ▶ pachnący aromatyczny

frame1 /freɪm; US / noun [countable] ⇨ 1 a border of wood or metal that goes around the outside of a door, picture, window, etc. a picture frame ▶ rama

3 [usually pl.] a structure made of plastic or metal that holds the two lenses in a pair of glasses gold-rimmed frames ▶ oprawa 4[usually sing.] the basic shape of a human or animal body He has a large frame but he’s not fat. ▶ postura budowa

/freɪm/ verb [transitive] 1 to put a border around sth (especially a picture or photograph) Let’s have this photograph framed. ▶ oprawiać (w ramę) 2[usually passive] to give false evidence against sb in order to make them seem guilty of a crime

noun [c] (pl. frames of reference) a particular set of beliefs, ideas or experiences that affects how a person understands or judges sth It is easy to choose our own frame of reference and attack any ideas that do not fit it. ▶ układ odniesienia

/ˈfreɪmwɜ:k ; US / noun [countable] 1 the basic structure of sth that gives it shape and strength A greenhouse is made of glass panels fixed in a metal framework. • (figurative) the basic framework of society ▶ konstrukcja szkielet struktura

/ˈfræntʃaɪz/ noun 1 [countable, uncountable] official permission to sell a company’s goods or services in a particular area They have the franchise to sell this product in Cyprus. Most fast-food restaurants are operated under franchise. ▶ koncesja

frank /fræŋk; US / adj. showing your thoughts and feelings clearly; saying what you mean To be perfectly frank with you, I don’t think you’ll pass your driving test. ▶ szczery otwarty

—frankness /; US / noun [uncountable] She spoke with great frankness about her past life. ▶ szczerość otwartość

frankfurter /ˈfræŋkfɜ: tə(r); US / (US also wiener /ˈwi: nə(r); US /) noun [countable] a type of small smoked sausage ▶ frankfurterka rodzaj parówki

/ˈfræntɪk / 1 very busy or done in a hurry a frantic search for the keys We’re not busy at work now, but things get frantic at Christmas. ▶ nerwowy 2 extremely worried or frightened The mother went frantic when she couldn’t find her child.

fraternal /frəˈtɜ: nl; US / adj. (formal) connected with the relationship that exists between brothers; like a brother fraternal love/rivalry ▶ braterski bratni

fraternity /frəˈtɜ: nəti; US / noun (pl. fraternities) 1[countable] a group of people who share the same work or interests the medical fraternity ▶ braterstwo

fraud /frɔ: d; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] (an act of) cheating sb in order to get money, etc. illegally The accountant was sent to prison for fraud. Massive amounts of money are lost every year in credit card frauds. ▶ oszustwo

fray /freɪ / verb [i, t] 1 if cloth, etc. frays or becomes frayed, some of the threads at the end start to come apart This shirt is beginning to fray at the cuffs. a frayed rope a frayed) cuff ▶ (ubranie, materiał) strzępić (się) wycierać się

freak1 /fri: k; US / noun [countable] 1(informal) a person who has a very strong interest in sth a fitness/computer freak ▶ mania-k/czka zapaleniec

freakish /ˈfri: kɪʃ; US / adj. very strange, unusual or unexpected freakish weather/behaviour ▶ dziwny dziwaczny cudaczny □ freakishly /; US / adv. ▶ dziwnie dziwacznie cudacznie

freckle /ˈfrekl; US / noun [countable, usually pl.] a small brown spot on your skin A lot of people with red hair have got freckles. ▶ pieg ⇨ look at mole □ freckled /; US / adj. a freckled face ▶ piegowaty

free1 /fri:; US / adj. 1 free (to do sth) not controlled by the government, rules, etc. There is free movement of people across the border. a free press ▶ wolny niezależny

3 costing nothing Admission to the museum is free They’re giving away free samples of shampoo. ▶ bezpłatny 4free from/of sth not having sth dangerous, unpleasant, etc. free of worries/responsibility free from pain ▶ wolny (od czegoś)

□ free adv. 1 in a free manner There is nowhere around here where dogs can run free. ▶ wolno swobodnie 2 without cost or payment Children under five usually travel free on trains. ▶ bezpłatnie za darmo

free2 /fri:; US / verb [transitive] 1free sb/sth (from sth) to let sb/sth leave or escape from a place where he/she/it is held to free a prisoner The protesters freed the animals from their cages.

3free sb/sth (up) for sth; free sb/sth (up) to do sth to make sth available so that it can be used; to put sb in a position in which they can do sth

ˌfree ˈagent noun [countable] a person who can do what they want because nobody else has the right to tell them what to do ▶ osoba niezależna