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/ˈfri:dəm / 1[c, u] the right or ability to do or say what you want You have the freedom to come and go as you please. This seat belt doesn’t give you much freedom of movement. freedom of speech the rights and freedoms of the individual ▶ wolność

3[uncountable] freedom from sth the state of not being affected by sth unpleasant freedom from fear/hunger/pain ▶ uwolnienie (od czegoś) oswobodzenie

ˈfreedom fighter noun [countable] a person who belongs to a group that uses violence to try to remove a government from power ▶ bojowni-k/czka o wolność

ˌfreedom of asˈsembly noun [uncountable] the right to have public meetings which is guaranteed by law in the US ▶ wolność zgromadzeń

ˌfreedom of associˈation noun [uncountable] the right to meet people and to form organizations without needing permission from the government ▶ wolność zrzeszania się

ˌfreedom of inforˈmation noun [uncountable] the right to see any information that a government has about people and organizations ▶ wolność informacji

freehand /ˈfri: hænd; US / adj. [only before a noun] (used about a drawing) done by hand, without the help of any instruments a freehand sketch ▶ odręczny □ freehand adv. to draw freehand ▶ odręcznie

/ˈfri:həʊld/ noun [c, u] the fact of owning a building or piece of land for a period of time that is not limited Private tenants in flats now have the right to buy the freehold (prawo własności) from their landlord. ▶ własność nieruchomości

ˌfree ˈkick noun [countable] (in the sports of football or rugby) a situation in which a player of one team is allowed to kick the ball because a member of the other team has broken a rule ▶ rzut wolny

/ˈfri:lɑ:ns ; US -læns / adj. earning money by selling your services or work to different organizations rather than being employed by a single company a freelance (niezależny) journalist freelance work ▶ (pracujący) na umowę o dzieło/zlecenia itp.

Zwróć uwagę, że travel free oznacza podróżować za darmo. Travel freely oznacza podróżować bez żadnych ograniczeń.

freely /ˈfri: li; US / adv. 1 in a way that is not controlled or limited There are no roadworks on the motorway and traffic is flowing freely. He is the country’s first freely elected (wybrany w wolnych wyborach) president for 40 years. ▶ swobodnie

freesia /ˈfri:ʒə; ˈfri: ziə; US / noun [countable] a plant with sweet-smelling yellow, pink or white flowers ▶ frezja

ˌfree ˈspeech noun [uncountable] the right to express any opinion in public ▶ wolność słowa

/ˈməʊtəweɪ ; US / ( US expressway /ɪkˈspresweɪ) noun [c] (abbr. M) a wide road where traffic can travel fast for long distances between large towns a motorway service station stacja obsługi przy autostradzie ▶ autostrada

freeze1 /fri: z; US / verb (past tense froze /frəʊz; US /, past participle frozen /ˈfrəʊzn; US /) 1[i, t] Water freezes at 0° Celsius. The ground was frozen solid for most of the winter. frozen (mrożony) peas ▶ zamarzać zamrażać

3[intransitive, transitive] to be very cold or to die from cold It was so cold on the mountain that we thought we would freeze to death. ▶ zamarzać marznąć

5[transitive] to keep the money you earn, prices, etc. at a fixed level for a certain period of time Spending on defence has been frozen for one year. ▶ zamrażać

freeze2 /fri: z; US / noun [countable] 1 the fixing of the money you earn, prices, etc. at one level for a certain period of time ▶ zamrożenie 2 a period of weather when the temperature stays below freezing point (0°Celsius) ▶ mrozy

freezer /ˈfri: zə(r); US / (also ˌdeep ˈfreeze) noun [countable] a metal container with a door in which food, etc. is kept frozen so that it stays fresh ▶ zamrażarka zamrażalnik ⇨ look at fridge

freezing1 /ˈfri: zɪŋ; US / adj. (informal) very cold It’s absolutely freezing outside. Can we turn the central heating on? I’m freezing (strasznie mi zimno). ▶ mroźny lodowaty bardzo zimny ⇨ note at cold

freezing2 /ˈfri: zɪŋ; US / (also ˈfreezing point) noun [uncountable] the temperature at which water freezes Last night the temperature fell to six degrees below freezing. ▶ temperatura zamarzania zero

freight /freɪt; US / noun [u] goods that are carried from one place to another by ship, lorry, etc.; the system for carrying goods in this way a freight train Your order will be sent by air freight (drogą lotniczą). ▶ towary towarowy przewóz

freighter /ˈfreɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a ship or an aircraft that carries only goods and not passengers ▶ frachtowiec transporter ⇨ note at boat

ˈfreight train (Brit. also ˈgoods train) noun [countable] a train that carries only goods ▶ pociąg towarowy

ˌFrench ˈbread noun [uncountable] white bread in the shape of a long thick stick ▶ bagietka bułka paryska

frenzy /ˈfrenzi; US / noun [sing., uncountable] a state of great emotion or activity that is not under control There’s no need to get in a frenzy – you’ve got until Friday to finish your essay.

frequency /ˈfri: kwənsi; US / noun (pl. frequencies) 1[uncountable] the number of times sth happens in a particular period Fatal accidents have decreased in frequency (występują z mniejszą częstotliwością) in recent years. ▶ częstość częstotliwość

/ˈfri:kwənt / adj. happening often There is a frequent bus service from the city centre to the airport. His visits became less frequent. There is a frequent bus service (autobusy często jeżdżą) from the city centre to the airport. ▶ częsty

fresh /freʃ; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 (used especially about food) produced or picked very recently; not frozen or in a tin fresh bread/fruit/flowers vegetables fresh from the garden ▶ świeży ⇨ look at stale

3 new and different They have decided to make a fresh start (zacząć od nowa) in a different town. I’m sure he’ll have some fresh ideas on the subject. I’d like to put on some fresh clothes before we go out. ▶ nowy świeży

6 full of energy I’ll think about the problem again in the morning when I’m fresh. ▶ świeży wypoczęty 7fresh from/out of sth having just finished sth Life isn’t easy for a young teacher fresh from university (po studiach). ▶ świeżo przybyły skądś

□ freshly /; US / adv. freshly baked bread ▶ świeżo niedawno dopiero co —freshness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ świeżość

freshen /ˈfreʃn; US / verb [transitive] freshen sth (up) to make sth cleaner or brighter Some new curtains and wallpaper would freshen up this room. ▶ odświeżać rozjaśniać

freshwater /ˈfreʃwɔ: tə(r); US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 living in water that is not the sea and is not salty freshwater fish ▶ słodkowodny 2 having water that is not salty freshwater lakes ▶ słodkowodny

friction /ˈfrɪkʃn; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the rubbing of one surface or thing against another You have to put oil in the engine to reduce friction between the moving parts. ▶ tarcie

fridge /frɪdʒ; US / (also formal refrigerator /rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə(r); US /US icebox /ˈaɪsbɒks; US /) noun [countable] a metal container with a door in which food, etc. is kept cold (but not frozen) so that it stays fresh ▶ lodówka chłodziarka

Friend oznacza zwykle kolegę. Good/close friend to odpowiednik polskiego słowa przyjaciel. Kolega z pracy lub uczelni to colleague. Osoba znajoma, z którą niewiele nas łączy, to acquaintance.

/frend/ noun [c] 1 a person that you know and like (not a member of your family), and who likes you Dalibor and I are old friends. We were at school together. We’re only inviting close friends and relatives to the wedding. Carol’s my best friend.

2 a friend of/to sth a person who supports an organization, a charity, etc., especially by giving money; a person who supports a particular idea, etc. the Friends of the Churchill Hospital

/ˈfrendli/ adj. (friendlier; friendliest) 1friendly (to/toward(s) sb) behaving in a kind and open way I found the people there very warm and friendly. Everyone here has been very friendly towards us. ▶ przyjazny troskliwy

3friendly with sb treating sb as a friend Nick’s become quite friendly (zaprzyjaźnił się) with the boy next door. Are you on friendly terms with your neighbours? ▶ zaprzyjaźniony z kimś

friendly2 /ˈfrendli; US / noun [countable] (pl. friendlies) a sports match that is not part of an important competition ▶ mecz towarzyski

friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp; US / noun ⇨ 1[countable] a friendship (with sb); a friendship (between A and B) a relationship between people who are friends a close/lasting/lifelong friendship ▶ przyjaźń koleżeństwo

frigate /ˈfrɪɡət; US / noun [countable] a small fast ship in the navy that travels with other ships in order to protect them ▶ fregata

fright /fraɪt; US / noun [c, u] a sudden feeling of fear or shock I hope I didn’t give you a fright (cię nie przestraszyłem) when I shouted. Your mum will get a fright when she sees you’ve shaved your hair off.

frighten /ˈfraɪtn; US / verb [transitive] to make sb/sth afraid or shocked That programme about crime really frightened me. You frightened us when you knocked at the window. ▶ przestraszyć

frightened /ˈfraɪtnd; US / adj. 1 full of fear or worry Frightened children were calling for their mothers. He was frightened at the thought of being alone. I was frightened (bałem się) that they would think that I was rude. ▶ przestraszny

frightening /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ; US / adj. making you feel afraid or shocked a frightening experience It’s frightening how quickly time passes. It’s frightening that time passes so quickly. ▶ przerażający

frigid /ˈfrɪdʒɪd; US / adj. 1 (usually used about a woman) unable to enjoy sex ▶ (med.) oziębły 2 not showing any emotion a frigid voice There was a frigid atmosphere in the room. ▶ (uczucie itp.) chłodny

frill /frɪl; US / noun [countable] 1 a decoration for the edge of a dress, shirt, etc. which is made by forming many folds in a narrow piece of cloth ▶ falbanka plisa

fringe1 /frɪndʒ; US / noun [countable] 1 (US bangs /bæŋz; US / [pl.]) the part of your hair that is cut so that it hangs over your forehead Your hair looks better with a fringe. ▶ grzywka

ˈfringe benefit noun [countable, usually pl.] an extra thing that is given to an employee in addition to the money he or she earns The fringe benefits of this job include a car and free health insurance. ▶ dodatek do pensji

frog /frɒɡ; US; / noun [countable] a small animal with smooth skin and long back legs that it uses for jumping. Frogs live in or near water Our pond is full of frogs in the spring. ▶ żaba

frogman /ˈfrɒɡmən; US; / noun [countable] (pl. -men /-mən; US /) a person whose job is to work under the surface of water wearing special rubber clothes and using breathing equipment Police frogmen searched the river. ▶ płetwonurek

frogspawn /ˈfrɒɡspɔ: n; US; / noun [uncountable] a clear substance that looks like jelly and contains the eggs of a frog ▶ żabi skrzek

frolic /ˈfrɒlɪk; US / verb [intransitive] (frolicking; frolicked) to play and move around in a lively, happy way children frolicking on the beach ▶ figlować baraszkować hasać

1(the front) [countable, usually sing.] the side or surface of sth/sb that faces forward a dress with buttons down the front the front of a building a card with flowers on the front ▶ przód front

On the front of znaczy „na przedniej powierzchni czegoś“: The number is shown on the front of the bus. In front of znaczy „przed kimś/czymś“: A car has stopped in front of the bus. • There were three people in front of me in the queue. •

3 (the front) [c, usually sing.] the most forward part of sth; the area that is just outside of or before sb/sth Young children should not travel in the front of the car. There is a small garden at the front of the house. ▶ przód przednia część

(the front) [sing.] the line or area where fighting takes place in a war to be sent to the front ▶ front (wojsk) linia frontu

6[sing.] a way of behaving that hides your true feelings His brave words were just a front. He was really feeling very nervous. ▶ poza maska

front2 /frʌnt; US / adj. [only before a noun] of or at the front 1(1,2) the front door/garden/room sit in the front row front teeth ▶ przedni frontowy

frontal /ˈfrʌntl; US / adj. [only before a noun] from the front a frontal attack ▶ czołowy frontalny

frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə(r); US frʌnˈt / noun 1 [countable] the frontier (between A and B) the line where one country joins another; border the end of frontier controls in Europe a frontier town ▶ granica ⇨ note at border

frost1 /frɒst; US / noun 1 [u, c] the weather conditions when the temperature falls below freezing point There was a hard frost last night. ten degrees of frost a chilly night with some ground frost (z przygruntowymi przymrozkami) ▶ mróz

frostbite /ˈfrɒstbaɪt; US / noun [uncountable] a serious medical condition of the fingers, toes, etc. that is caused by very low temperatures All the climbers were suffering from frostbite. ▶ odmrożenie ⇨ look at chilblain

frosty /ˈfrɒsti; US / adj. (frostier; frostiest) 1 very cold, with frost a cold and frosty morning ▶ mroźny oszroniony 2 cold and unfriendly a frosty welcome ▶ lodowaty

froth1 /frɒɵ; US / noun [uncountable] a mass of small white bubbles on the top of a liquid, etc. ▶ piana pianka □ frothy /; US / adj. frothy beer a frothy cappuccino ▶ pienisty

frown /fraʊn; US / verb [intransitive] to show you are angry, serious, etc. by making lines appear on your forehead ‘ You’re late’, he said, frowning. ▶ marszczyć brwi

frozen2 /ˈfrəʊzn; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 (used about food) stored at a low temperature in order to keep it for a long time frozen meat/vegetables ▶ (żywność) mrożony zamrożony

3 (used about water) with a layer of ice on the surface The pond is frozen. Let’s go skating. ▶ zamarznięty

frugal /ˈfru:ɡl; US / adj. 1 using only as much money or food as is necessary a frugal existence/life He has always been hard-working and frugal. ▶ (osoba itp.) oszczędny 2 (used about meals) small, simple and not costing very much

A fruit oznacza rodzaj owoców: Most big supermarkets sell all sorts of tropical fruits. Kiedy chodzi o pojedyncze jabłko, gruszkę itp. mówi się a piece of fruit: What would you like now?

fruit /fru: t/ noun 1 [c, u] the part of a plant or tree that contains seeds and that we eat Try and eat more fresh fruit and vegetables. Marmalade is made with citrus fruit. Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable? fruit juice ▶ owoc

fruitful /ˈfru: tfl; US / adj. producing good results; useful fruitful discussions ▶ owocny

fruitless /ˈfru: tləs; US / adj. producing poor or no results; not successful a fruitless search It’s fruitless to keep trying – she’ll never agree to it. ▶ bezowocny nieskuteczny

frustrate /frʌˈstreɪt; US ˈfrʌs- / verb [transitive] 1 to cause a person to feel annoyed or impatient because they cannot do or achieve what they want It’s the lack of money that really frustrates him. ▶ frustrować

frustration /frʌˈstreɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a feeling of anger because you cannot get what you want; sth that causes you to feel like this

fry1 /fraɪ; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (frying; fries; past tense, past participle fried /fraɪd; US /) to cook sth or to be cooked in hot fat or oil to fry an egg a fried egg I could smell bacon frying in the kitchen. ▶ smażyć (się)

ˈfrying pan (US frypan /ˈfraɪpæn; US /) noun [countable] a flat pan with a long handle that is used for frying food ▶ patelnia

fuchsia /ˈfju:ʃə; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a small bush with flowers in two colours of red, purple or white, that hang down ▶ fuksja

fuel1 /ˈfju:əl; US / noun 1 [uncountable] material that is burned to produce heat or power What’s the car’s fuel consumption? ▶ paliwo opał 2[countable] a type of fuel I think gas is the best fuel for central heating. ▶ opał

fuel2 /ˈfju:əl; US / verb [transitive] (fuelling; fuelled, US fueling; fueled) to make sb feel an emotion more strongly Her interest in the Spanish language was fuelled by a visit to Spain. His denials just fuelled her anger. ▶ podsycać

fugitive /ˈfju: dʒətɪv; US / noun [countable] a person who is running away or escaping (for example from the police) ▶ zbieg uciekinier/ka

fulfil (US fulfill) /fʊlˈfɪl / verb [t] (fulfilling; fulfilled) 1 to make sth that you wish for happen; to achieve a goal He finally fulfilled his childhood dream of becoming a doctor. to fulfil your ambition/potential ▶ spełniać realizować

3 to have a particular role or purpose Italy fulfils a very important role within the European Union. ▶ spełniać wypełniać 5 to satisfy a need The local town can fulfill most of your shopping needs. ▶ zaspokajać (potrzeby)

fulfilled / adj. When I had my baby I felt totally fulfilled. ▶ zadowolony (z powodu spełnienia marzeń itp.) zaspokojony —fulfilling /; US / adj. I found working abroad a very fulfilling experience. ▶ satysfakcjonujący

fulfilment (US fulfillment) /fʊlˈfɪlmənt; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the act of fulfilling or state of being fulfilled the fulfilment of your dreams/hopes/ambitions Moving into our own home was the fulfilment of a dream. ▶ spełnienie zrealizowanie

1 holding or containing as much or as many as possible The bin needs emptying. It’s full up. a full bottle I can’t get anything else in my suitcase – it’s full. ▶ pełny

3full (up) having had enough to eat and drink No more, thank you. I’m full (up). ▶ syty najedzony 4[only before a noun] complete; not leaving anything out I should like a full report on the accident, please.

7 round or rather fat in shape She’s got quite a full figure. He’s quite full in the face. ▶ okrągły

ˌfull-ˈlength adj. [only before a noun] 1 (used about a picture, mirror, etc.) showing a person from head to foot ▶ pokazujący osobę od stóp do głów 2 not made shorter a full-length film ▶ pełnometrażowy normalnej długości

ˌfull ˈmoon noun [sing.] the moon when it appears as a complete circle ▶ pełnia

ˌfull-ˈscale adj. [only before a noun] 1 using every thing or person that is available The police have started a full-scale murder investigation. ▶ na dużą skalę

ˌfull-ˈtime adj. for a whole of the normal period of work He has a full-time job. We employ 800 full-time staff. ▶ pełnoetatowy □ full-time adv. He works full-time. ▶ na pełny etat

fully /ˈfʊli; US / adv. completely; to the highest possible degree I’m fully aware of the problem. All our engineers are fully trained. a fully automatic camera ▶ całkowicie w pełni

fume /fju: m; US / verb [intransitive] to be very angry about sth They were nearly two hours late. By the time they arrived I was absolutely fuming. ▶ kipieć ze złości

fumes /fju: mz; US / noun [pl.] smoke or gases that smell unpleasant and that can be dangerous to breathe in diesel/petrol/exhaust fumes ▶ spaliny wyziewy

fumigate /ˈfju: mɪɡeɪt; US / verb [transitive] to use special chemicals, smoke or gas to destroy the harmful insects or bacteria in a place to fumigate a room ▶ przeprowadzać dezynsekcję dezynsekować

Uwaga! Funny oznacza, że coś/ktoś jest śmieszny, dziwny, dziwaczny, a fun oznacza, że coś/ktoś jest przyjemny, zabawny: The party was great fun. Bardzo dobrze bawiliśmy się na imprezie. • The film was funny.

fun1 /fʌn; US / noun [u] pleasure and enjoyment; an activity or a person that gives you pleasure and enjoyment Staying at home on your own isn’t much fun. We had a lot of fun at the party last night.

fun2 /fʌn; US / adj. amusing or enjoyable to have a fun time/day out Brett’s a fun guy. Staying in a cottage over Christmas sounds fun (brzmi nieźle). ▶ fajny wesoły zabawny

/ˈfʌŋkʃn/ [c] 1 the purpose or special duty of a person or thing One function of the school governors is to appoint new teachers. The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body. to perform/fulfil a function ▶ funkcja rola zadanie

function2 /ˈfʌŋkʃn; US / verb [intransitive] to work correctly; to be in action The doctor’s new appointments system doesn’t seem to be functioning very well. Only one engine was still functioning. ▶ działać funkcjonować

functional /ˈfʌŋkʃənl; US / adj. 1 practical and useful rather than attractive cheap functional furniture ▶ funkcjonalny praktyczny 2 working; being used The system is now fully functional. ▶ sprawny w użyciu