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zapoczątkowywać, zainicjować
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initiate, initiate
3initiate sb (into sth) to bring sb into a group by means of a special ceremony to initiate somebody into a secret society ▶ wprowadzać kogoś (do czegoś) dokonywać czyjejś inicjacji (w coś)
/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt ; US / v [t] 1(formal) to start sth to initiate peace talks ▶ zapoczątkowywać uruchamiać 2initiate sb (into sth) to explain sth to sb I wasn’t initiated into the joys of skiing until I was 30. ▶ wprowadzać kogoś (w arkana czegoś)
wtajemnicznie, inicjacja
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initiate, initiation
initiation /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] All the new students had to go through a strange initiation ceremony. ▶ zapoczątkowanie wtajemniczenie
inicjatywa
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initiative
2[uncountable] the ability to see and do what is necessary without waiting for sb to tell you Don’t keep asking me how to do it. Use your initiative. ▶ inicjatywa przedsiębiorczość
initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv; US / noun 1 [countable] a new plan for solving a problem or improving a situation a new government initiative to help people start small businesses ▶ inicjatywa
przewaga, inicjatywa
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advantage, initiative
on your own initiative without being told by sb else what to do ▶ z własnej inicjatywy take the initiative to be first to act to influence a situation Let’s take the initiative and start organizing things now. ▶ występować z inicjatywą
3(the initiative) [sing.] the stronger position because you have done sth first; the advantage to take/lose the initiative ▶ przewaga inicjatywa
dawać zastrzyk, wstrzykiwać
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give an injection, inject
2inject sth (into sth) to add sth They injected a lot of money (wpompowali mnóstwo pieniędzy) into the business. ▶ (przen.) dawać zastrzyk (czegoś) (przen.) wstrzykiwać
inject /ɪnˈdʒekt; US / verb [transitive] 1 to put a drug under the skin of a person’s or an animal’s body with a syringe Something was injected into my arm and I soon fell asleep. ▶ dawać zastrzyk wstrzykiwać
zastrzyk
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an injection
a tetanus injection zastrzyk przeciwtężcowy An anaesthetic was administered by injection (w formie zastrzyku). ▶ zastrzyk iniekcja
injection /ɪnˈdʒekʃn; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] (an) injection (of sth) (into sb/sth) the act of injecting a drug or other substance to give somebody an injection of penicillin The baby had the first of her injections yesterday.
zastrzyk
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an injection
3[uncountable, countable] the act of forcing liquid into sth fuel injection ▶ wtrysk
2[countable] a large amount of sth that is added to sth to help it The theatre needs a huge cash injection if it is to stay open. This project needs an injection of energy. ▶ (przen.) zastrzyk
ranić, kaleczyć
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injure
injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ v [t] to harm or hurt yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident The goalkeeper seriously injured himself when he hit the goalpost. She fell and injured her back (zraniła się w plecy). ▶ ranić kaleczyć krzywdzić
zraniony, poszkodowany
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injured, injured
2(the injured) noun [pl.] people who have been hurt The injured were rushed to hospital. ▶ ranni poszkodowani ofiary (wypadku)
injured /ˈɪndʒəd; US / adj. 1 physically or mentally hurt an injured arm/leg ‘ Oh, don’t be so nasty!’ she said in an injured voice. injured pride ▶ zraniony poszkodowany
rana, uraz
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wound, injury
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ noun [c, u] (pl. injuries) injury (to sb/sth) harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body, especially in an accident They escaped from the accident with only minor injuries. serious injury/injuries injury to the head rana, uraz
doliczony czas
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injury time
ˈinjury time noun [uncountable] (Brit.) time that is added to the end of a football, etc. match when there has been time lost because of injuries to players ▶ (sport) doliczony czas
niesprawiedliwość, krzywda
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injustice, harm
IDIOMS  do sb an injustice to judge sb unfairly I’m afraid I’ve done you both an injustice. ▶ wyrządzać komuś krzywdę
injustice /ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/ noun [u, c] the fact of a situation being unfair; an unfair act racial/social injustice People are protesting about the injustice of the new tax. The report exposed the injustices of the system. ▶ niesprawiedliwość krzywda  
atrament, tusz
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ink, ink
ink /ɪŋk; US / noun [uncountable, countable] coloured liquid that is used for writing, drawing, etc. Please write in ink (atramentem), not pencil. ▶ atrament tusz
poplamiony atramentem, czarny jak atrament
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inky
inky /ˈɪŋki; US / adj. 1 made black with ink inky fingers ▶ poplamiony atramentem 2 very dark an inky night sky ▶ czarny jak atrament
śródlądowy
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inland
inland /ˈɪnlænd; US / /ˌɪnˈlænd; US / adj. away from the coast or borders of a country ▶ śródlądowy □ inland adv. The village lies twenty miles inland. Goods are carried inland along narrow mountain roads. ▶ w głąb/głębi kraju/lądu
urząd skarbowy
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Inland Revenue (GB), Internal Revenue Service (US)
ˌInland ˈRevenue noun [sing.] (Brit.) the government department that collects taxes ▶ urząd skarbowy
teściowie
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in-laws
ˈin-laws noun [pl.] (informal) your husband’s or wife’s mother and father or other relatives My in-laws are coming to lunch on Sunday. ▶ teściowie krewni żony lub męża
przesmyk, zatoczka
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inlet
2 an opening through which liquid, air or gas can enter a machine a fuel inlet ▶ (techn.) wlot otwór wlotowy  OPPOSITE  outlet
inlet /ˈɪnlet; US / noun [countable] 1 a narrow area of water that stretches into the land from the sea or a lake, or between islands a narrow/sheltered/shallow inlet ▶ przesmyk zatoczka
wrodzony
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innate
innate /ɪˈneɪt; US / adj. (used about an ability or a quality) that you have when you are born the innate ability to learn ▶ wrodzony
wewnętrzny
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inner
2 (used about a feeling, etc.) that you do not express or show to other people; private Everyone has inner doubts. ▶ (przen.) wewnętrzny (uczucia itp.) skryty
inner /ˈɪnə(r); US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 (of the) inside; towards or close to the centre of a place an inner courtyard The inner ear (ucho środkowe) is very delicate. ▶ wewnętrzny  OPPOSITE  outer
podupadłe dzielnice śródmieścia
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inner city
□ inner-city adj. [only before a noun] Inner-city schools often have difficulty in attracting good teachers. ▶ dotyczący podupadłych dzielnic śródmieścia
ˌinner ˈcity noun [countable] the poor parts of a large city, near the centre, that often have a lot of social problems ▶ podupadłe dzielnice śródmieścia
najskrytszy
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innermost
2 nearest to the centre or inside of sth the innermost shrine of the temple ▶ najgłębszy znajdujący się najbliżej centrum
innermost /ˈɪnəməʊst; US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 (used about a feeling or thought) most secret or private She never told anyone her innermost thoughts. ▶ najskrytszy najtajniejszy
niewinność
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innocence
2 lack of knowledge and experience of the world, especially of bad things the innocence of childhood ▶ niewinność
innocence /ˈɪnəsns; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the fact of not being guilty of a crime, etc. The accused man protested his innocence (utrzymywał, że jest niewinny) throughout his trial. ▶ niewinność  OPPOSITE  guilt
niewinny
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innocent
2[only before a noun] being hurt or killed in a crime, war, etc. although not involved in it in any way innocent victims of a bomb blast He was an innocent bystander. ▶ przypadkowy niewinny
innocent /ˈɪnəsnt; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1innocent (of sth) not having done wrong An innocent man was arrested by mistake. to be innocent of a crime ▶ niewinny (czegoś)
niewinny, nieszkodliwy
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innocent, harmless
4 not knowing the bad things in life; believing everything you are told Twenty years ago I was still young and innocent. She was so innocent as to believe that politicians never lie. ▶ niewinny naiwny
3 not wanting to cause harm or upset sb, although it does He got very aggressive when I asked an innocent question about his past life. ▶ niewinny nieszkodliwy
naiwnie, niewinie
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innocently
□ innocently /; US / adv. ‘ What are you doing here?’ she asked innocently. ▶ naiwnie niewinnie prostodusznie
wprowadzać innowacje
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innovate
□ innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (an) innovation (in sth) [countable] technological innovations in industry ▶ innowacja nowość
innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt; US / verb [intransitive] to create new things, ideas or ways of doing sth ▶ wprowadzać innowacje/zmiany
nowatorski
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innovative, innovator
—innovator /ˈɪnəveɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] Dick Fosbury was the innovator of a new style of high jumping. ▶ innowator/ka
—innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv -vətɪv; US / (also innovatory /ˌɪnəˈveɪtəri; US ˈɪnəvətɔ: ri; US /) adj. innovative methods/designs/products ▶ innowacyjny nowatorski
nieszkodliwy
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inoffensive
inoffensive /ˌɪnəˈfensɪv; US / adj. not likely to offend or upset sb a gentle and inoffensive man ▶ nieszkodliwy niewinny
nieorganiczny
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inorganic
inorganic /ˌɪnɔ:ˈɡænɪk; US / adj. not made of or coming from living things Rocks and metals are inorganic substances. ▶ nieorganiczny
wkład, nakład
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input, circulation
2[uncountable] the act of putting information into a computer The computer breakdown means we have lost the whole day’s input. ▶ dane (wprowadzane do komputera) ⇨ look at output
1 [countable, uncountable] input (of sth) (into/to sth) what you put into sth to make it successful We need some input from teachers into this book. This project will require a big input of resources. ▶ wkład (w coś) nakład (czegoś)
wprowadzać dane do komputera
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input
input2 /ˈɪnpʊt; US / verb [transitive] (inputting; past tense, past participle input or inputted) to put information into a computer to input text/data/figures ▶ wprowadzać (dane do komputera)
obłąkany, szalony
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insane, crazy
□ insanely /; US / adv. insanely jealous ▶ szaleńczo obłąkańczo —insanity /ɪnˈsænəti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ obłęd obłąkanie szaleństwo
insane /ɪnˈseɪn; US / adj. 1 seriously mentally ill ▶ obłąkany chory umysłowo 2 not showing sensible judgement You must be insane to leave such a great job. ▶ szalony
niehigieniczny
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insanitary
insanitary /ɪnˈsænətri; US -teri / adj. (formal) dirty and likely to cause disease The restaurant was closed because of the insanitary conditions of the kitchen. ▶ niehigieniczny
nienasycony
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insatiable
insatiable /ɪnˈseɪʃəbl; US / adj. that cannot be satisfied; very great an insatiable appetite an insatiable desire for knowledge ▶ nienasycony niezaspokojony
grawerować, ryć
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inscribe
ɪnˈskraɪb [t] (formal) inscribe A (on/in B); inscribe B (with A) write on sth or cut words into the surface The names of all the previous champions are inscribed on the cup. The book was inscribed with the author’s name. ▶ wpisywać ryć grawerować
napis wyryt
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inscription
inscription /ɪnˈskrɪpʃn; US / noun [countable] words that are written or cut on sth There was a Latin inscription on the tombstone. ▶ napis (wypisany lub wyryty)
owad, insekt
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insect
Niektóre inne zwierzęta, np. pająki, też często są nazywane insects, chociaż jest to niepoprawne.
insect /ˈɪnsekt; US / noun [countable] a small animal with six legs, two pairs of wings and a body which is divided into three parts Ants, flies, beetles, butterflies and mosquitoes are all insects. an insect bite/sting ▶ owad insekt
środek owadobójczy
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insecticide
insecticide /ɪnˈsektɪsaɪd; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a substance that is used for killing insects ▶ środek owadobójczy
niepewny czegoś
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insecure
2 not safe or protected This ladder feels a bit insecure. The future of the company looks very insecure. ▶ niepewny niezabezpieczony □ insecurely /; US / adv. ▶ niepewnie
insecure /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə(r); US / adj. 1 insecure (about sb/sth) not confident about yourself or your relationships with other people Many teenagers are insecure about their appearance. ▶ niepewny (czegoś)
nietaktowny
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insensitive
2 not able to feel or react to sth insensitive to pain/cold/criticism ▶ niewrażliwy (na coś) nieczuły (na coś) □ insensitively adv. ▶ nietaktownie —insensitivity /ɪnˌsensəˈtɪvəti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ bezduszność nieczułość brak taktu
/ɪnˈsensətɪv/ adj. insensitive (to sth) 1 not knowing or caring how another person feels and therefore likely to hurt Some insensitive reporters tried to interview the families of the accident victims. an insensitive remark ▶ nietaktowny nieczuły
nierozdzielny
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inseparable
inseparable /ɪnˈseprəbl; US / adj. that cannot be separated from sb/sth inseparable friends ▶ nierozłączny nierozdzielny
wkładać, wstawiać
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insert, insert
□ insertion /; US / noun [countable, uncountable] ▶ dopisek wstawka wkładanie dodatek
insert /ɪnˈsɜ: t; US / verb [transitive] (formal) to put sth into sth or between two things Insert your money and then dial the number. I decided to insert a paragraph in the text. ▶ wkładać wstawiać (np. dodatkowy tekst)
wstawka
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inset
2 something that is added on to sth else, or put inside sth else The windows have beautiful stained glass insets. ▶ wstawka
inset /ˈɪnset noun [c] 1 a small picture, map, etc. inside a larger one For the Shetland Islands, see inset. ▶ ramka (zawierająca dodatkową informację, np. mapkę)
wstawiać
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inset
2inset sth (into sth) to put a small picture, map, etc. inside the borders of a bigger one ▶ wstawiać coś (do czegoś)
(insetting; past tense inset) [t] 1[usually passive] inset A (with B); inset B (into A) to fix sth into the surface of sth else, esp. as a decoration The tables were inset with ceramic tiles. Ceramic tiles were inset into the tables. ▶ wstawiać
przybrzeżny
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inshore
inshore /ˈɪnʃɔ:(r); US ˌɪnˈʃɔ:(r); US / / / adj. in or towards the part of the sea that is close to the land inshore fishermen ▶ przybrzeżny □ inshore adv. Sharks don’t often come inshore. ▶ ku brzegowi
w środku, do wewnątrz
2 (used about information, etc.) told secretly by sb who belongs to a group, organization, etc. The robbers seemed to have had some inside information about the bank’s security system. ▶ poufny zakulisowy
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inside
□ inside adj. 1 in, on or to the inner part or surface of sth the inside pocket of a jacket the inside pages of a newspaper ▶ wewnętrzny
ˌɪnˈsaɪd prep., adv. 1 in, on or to the inner part or surface of sth Is there anything inside the box? We’d better stay inside until the rain stops. It’s getting cold. Let’s go inside. Have a look inside and see what’s in it. ▶ (do) wewnątrz w środku
wnętrzne, wewnętrzna strona
inside out with the inner surface on the outside You’ve got your jumper on inside out. ▶ na lewą stronę podszewką na zewnątrz
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inside
2(insides) [pl.] (informal) the organs inside the body The coffee warmed his insides. I’ve got a pain in my insides. Boli mnie brzuch. ▶ brzuch żołądek
inside2 /ˌɪnˈsaɪd; US / noun 1[co] the inner part or surface of sth The insides of the windows need a good clean. The door was locked from the inside. There’s a label somewhere on the inside (po wewnętrznej stronie). ▶ wnętrze wewnętrzna strona
podstęny, zdradliwy
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insidious, tricky
□ insidiously /; US / adv. This kind of advertising acts insidiously on young minds. ▶ podstępnie
insidious /ɪnˈsɪdiəs; US / adj. (formal) spreading gradually or without being noticed, but causing serious harm the insidious effects of polluted water supplies ▶ podstępny zdradliwy zdradziecki
rozumienie, wgląd w coś
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insight
insight /ˈɪnsaɪt; US / noun [c, u] (an) insight (into sth) an understanding of what sb/sth is like The book gives a good insight into the lives of the poor. You need insight into human nature for this job. ▶ wgląd (w coś) rozumienie
insygnia
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insignia
insignia /ɪnˈsɪɡniə; US / noun [countable] (pl. insignia) the symbol or sign that shows sb’s position, or that they are a member of a group or an organization His uniform bore the insignia of a captain. the royal insignia ▶ insygnium
nieistotny
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insignificant
□ insignificance /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ znikomość błahość znikome znaczenie —insignificantly /; US / adv. ▶ nieistotnie o znikomym znaczeniu
insignificant /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt; US / adj. of little value or importance an insignificant detail Working in such a big company made her feel insignificant. ▶ nieistotny błahy
nieszczery
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insincere
□ insincerely /; US / adv. ▶ nieszczerze —insincerity /ˌɪnsɪnˈserəti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ nieszczerość
insincere /ˌɪnsɪnˈsɪə(r); US -ˈsɪr / adj. saying or doing sth that you do not really believe His apology sounded insincere. Dan gave an insincere smile. ▶ nieszczery  OPPOSITE  sincere
insynuować, sugerować
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insinuate, suggest
□ insinuation /ɪnˌsɪnjuˈeɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] to make insinuations about somebody’s honesty ▶ insynuacja
insinuate /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt; US / verb [transitive] to suggest sth unpleasant in an indirect way She seemed to be insinuating that our work was below standard. ▶ insynuować sugerować dawać do zrozumienia
nalegać, upierać się przy czymś
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insist
They insisted on me staying for dinner. My parents insist that I come home by taxi. ‘ Have another drink.’ ‘ Oh all right, if you insist.’ ▶ nalegać upierać się
insist /ɪnˈsɪst; US / verb [i] 1insist (on sth/doing sth); insist that... to say strongly that you must have or do sth, or that sb else must do sth He always insists on the best. Zawsze wymaga tego, co najlepsze. Dan insisted on coming too.
upierać się, utrzymywać
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insist, persist
2insist (on sth); insist that... to say firmly that sth is true (when sb does not believe you) She insisted on her innocence. Benjamin insisted that the accident wasn’t his fault. ▶ upierać się utrzymywać
stanowczy
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insistent
Doctors are insistent on the need (usilnie podkreślają potrzebę) to do more exercise. ▶ stanowczy 2 continuing for a long time in a way that cannot be ignored the insistent ringing of the telephone ▶ natarczywy uporczywy
insistent /ɪnˈsɪstənt; US / adj. 1 insistent (on sth/doing sth); insistent that... saying strongly that you must have or do sth, or that sb else must do sth She was most insistent that we should all be there.
stanowczo, uporczywie
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insistently
□ insistently /; US / adv. ▶ stanowczo uporczywie natarczywie
bezczelność, zuchwałość
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insolence
—insolently /; US / adv. ▶ bezczelnie zuchwale hardo wyniośle
□ insolence /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ bezczelność zuchwałość buta insolent /ˈɪnsələnt; US / adj. (formal) lacking respect; rude insolent behaviour ▶ bezczelny zuchwały
nierozpuszczalny, nierozwiązalny
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insoluble, insoluble
insoluble /ɪnˈsɒljəbl; US / adj. 1 that cannot be explained or solved We faced almost insoluble problems. ▶ nierozwiązalny nie do rozwiązania 2 that cannot be dissolved in a liquid ▶ nierozpuszczalny
niewypłacalny
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insolvent
□ insolvency /-ənsi; US / noun [uncountable, countable] (pl. -ies) The company is close to insolvency. ▶ niewypłacalność
insolvent /ɪnˈsɒlvənt; US / adj. not having enough money to pay what you owe The company has been declared insolvent. ▶ niewypłacalny  SYNONYM  bankrupt  OPPOSITE  solvent
bezsenność
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insomnia
insomniac /ɪnˈsɒmniæk; US / noun [countable] a person who cannot sleep ▶ osoba cierpiąca na bezsenność
insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə; US / noun [uncountable] the condition of being unable to sleep Do you ever suffer from insomnia? ▶ bezsenność
badać, sprawdzać
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inspect
2 to make an official visit to make sure that rules are being obeyed, work is being done properly, etc. All food shops should be inspected regularly. ▶ kontrolować
inspect /ɪnˈspekt; US / verb [transitive] 1inspect sb/sth (for sth) to look at sth closely or in great detail The detective inspected the room for fingerprints. ▶ badać sprawdzać
inspekcja, kontrola
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inspection, control
□ inspection /; US / noun [countable, uncountable] The fire prevention service will carry out an inspection of the building next week. On inspection (przy bliższym zbadaniu), the passport turned out to be false. ▶ inspekcja kontrola
kontroler, inspektor
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inspector, inspector
2 (Brit.) a police officer with quite an important position ▶ inspektor policji 3 a person whose job is to check passengers’ tickets on buses or trains ▶ kontroler/ka biletów
inspector /ɪnˈspektə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 an official who visits schools, factories, etc. to make sure that rules are being obeyed, work is being done properly, etc. a health and safety inspector ▶ kontroler inspektor
inspiracja, natchnienie
2[countable] (informal) a sudden good idea I’ve had an inspiration – why don’t we go to that new club? ▶ nagły/dobry pomysł myśl
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inspiration, inspiration
The beauty of the mountains was a great source of inspiration to the writer. What gave you the inspiration to become a dancer? ▶ natchnienie inspiracja
inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] an inspiration (to/for sb); inspiration (to do/for sth) a feeling, person or thing that makes you want to do sth or gives you exciting new ideas
natchnąć, inspirować
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inspire
Nelson Mandela’s autobiography inspired her to go into politics. The attack was inspired by racial hatred. Powodem ataku była nienawiść rasowa. ▶ stanowić natchnienie być natchnieniem
inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r); US / verb [transitive] 1inspire sth; inspire sb (to do sth) to make sb want to do or create sth His novel was inspired by his relationship with his first wife.
natchnąć
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inspire
□ inspiring /; US / adj. an inspiring speech. ▶ inspirujący będący źródłem natchnienia ożywczy podnoszący na duchu
2inspire sb (with sth); inspire sth (in sb) to make sb feel, think, etc. sth The guide’s nervous manner did not inspire much confidence in us. to be inspired with enthusiasm być zarażonym entuzjazmem ▶ wzbudzać natchnąć
Natchniony
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Inspired
inspired /ɪnˈspaɪəd; US / adj. influenced or helped by a particular feeling, thing or person The pianist gave an inspired performance. a politically inspired killing morderstwo o podłożu politycznym ▶ natchniony
niestabilność
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instability
instability /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] the state of being likely to change There are growing signs of political instability. ▶ niestałość niestabilność
podłączać, instalować
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connect, install
2install sb (as sth) to put sb or yourself in a position or place He was installed as President yesterday. She installed herself (usadowiła się) in a deckchair for the afternoon. ▶ wprowadzać na urząd umieszczać instalować
install (US also instal) /ɪnˈstɔ: l; US / verb [transitive] 1 to put a piece of equipment, etc. in place so that it is ready to be used We are waiting to have our new washing machine installed. to install a computer system ▶ podłączać montować
montaż, instalacja
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assembly, installation
□ installation /ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a military/nuclear installation the installation of a new chairman ▶ montaż instalacja wprowadzenie na urząd
rata, odcinek serialu
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installment
2 one part of a story that is shown or published as a series Don’t miss next week’s exciting instalment of this new drama. ▶ odcinek (np. serialu)
instalment (US installment) /ɪnˈstɔ: lmənt; US / noun [countable] 1 one of the regular payments that you make for sth until you have paid the full amount to pay for something in instalments When is the next instalment due on the car? ▶ rata
przypadek
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instance
for instance for example There are several interesting places to visit around here – Warwick, for instance. ▶ na przykład
instance /ˈɪnstəns; US / noun [countable] an instance (of sth) an example or case (of sth) There have been several instances of racial attacks in the area. In most instances the drug has no side effects. ▶ przypadek przykład
nagły, natychmiastowy
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instant
2[only before a noun] (used about food) that can be prepared quickly and easily, usually by adding hot water instant coffee kawa rozpuszczalna ▶ (potrawa) błyskawiczny
instant1 /ˈɪnstənt; US / adj. 1 happening immediately The film was an instant success. She took an instant dislike to me. A new government cannot bring about instant change. ▶ natychmiastowy nagły
chwila, chwila
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instant
2 a particular point in time Stop doing that this instant (natychmiast)! At that instant (w tym momencie) I realized I had been tricked. The instant I saw him (w chwili, gdy go zobaczyłem) I knew he would say no. ▶ chwila
instant2 /ˈɪnstənt; US / noun [usually sing.] 1 a very short period of time Alex thought for an instant and then agreed. ▶ chwila
natychmiastowo, błyskawicznie
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instantaneous
instantaneous /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs; US / adj. happening immediately or extremely quickly ▶ natychmiastowy □ instantaneously /; US / adv. ▶ natychmiastowo momentalnie
natychmiast, bezzwłocznie
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instantly
instantly /ˈɪnstəntli; US / adv. without delay; immediately I asked him a question and he replied instantly. ▶ natychmiast bezzwłocznie natychmiastowo
zamiast
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instead of
□ instead prep. instead of sb/sth/doing sth in the place of sb/sth Instead of 7.30 could I come at 8.00? You should play football instead of just watching it on TV. ▶ zamiast w miejsce
instead /ɪnˈsted; US adv. in the place of sb/sth I couldn’t go so my husband went instead. She said nothing, preferring instead to save her comments till later. He didn’t reply. Instead, he turned and left the room. ▶ zamiast tego/kogoś/czegoś
wpajać
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instil
instil (US instill) /ɪnˈstɪl; US / verb [transitive] (instilling; instilled) instil sth (in/into sb) to make sb think or feel sth Parents should try to instil a sense of responsibility into their children. ▶ wpajać
instynkt, odruch
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instinct, reflex
In a situation like that you don’t have time to think – you just act on instinct (działa się instynktownie). ▶ instynkt odruch
instinct /ˈɪnstɪŋkt; US / noun [countable, uncountable] the natural force that causes a person or an animal to behave in a particular way without thinking or learning about it Birds learn to fly by instinct.
instynktowanie
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instinctive
□ instinctively /; US / adv. He knew instinctively that something was wrong. ▶ instynktownieinstinctual /ɪnˈstɪŋktʃuəl; US / adj. based on naturalinstinct; not learned ▶ instynktowny
instinctive /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv; US / adj. based oninstinct, not thought or training instinctive knowledge She’s an instinctive player. My instinctive reaction was to deny everything. ▶ instynktowny
instytut, zakład naukowy
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institute, research facility
institute1 /ˈɪnstɪtju: t; US -tu: t / noun [countable] an organization that has a particular purpose; the building used by this organization the Institute of Science and Technology institutes of higher education ▶ instytut zakład naukowy
instytucja
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institution
2[countable] a building where certain people with special needs live and are looked after She’s been in institutions all her life. a mental institution zakład dla umysłowo chorych ▶ zakład
institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn; US -ˈtu:ʃn / noun 1 [countable] a large, important organization that has a particular purpose, such as a bank, a university, etc. the financial institutions in the City of London ▶ instytucja
instytucja
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institution
4[uncountable] the act of introducing a system, policy, etc., or of starting a process the institution of new safety procedures ▶ wprowadzanie wdrożenie
3[countable] a social custom or habit that has existed for a long time the institution of marriage ▶ instytucja zwyczaj
instruować
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instruct
2(formal) instruct sb (in sth) to teach sb sth Children must be instructed in road safety before they are allowed to ride a bike on the road. ▶ nauczać instruować
instruct /ɪnˈstrʌkt; US / verb [transitive] 1instruct sb (to do sth) to give an order to sb; to tell sb to do sth The soldiers were instructed to shoot above the heads of the crowd. ▶ rozkazywać polecać zlecać
instrukcja
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instruction
2[countable] an instruction (to do sth) an order that tells you what to do or how to do sth The guard was under strict instructions (strażnik miał surowy rozkaz) not to let anyone in or out. The instruction you gave was confusing. ▶ rozkaz polecenie
instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn; US / noun 1(instructions) [pl.] detailed information on how you should use sth, do sth, etc. Read the instructions on the back of the packet carefully. You should always follow the instructions. ▶ instrukcja (obsługi)
pouczający, kształcący
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instructive
instructive /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv; US / adj. giving useful information ▶ pouczający kształcący □ instructively /; US / adv. ▶ pouczająco
instruktor
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instructor
instructor /ɪnˈstrʌktə(r); US / noun [countable] a person whose job is to teach a practical skill or sport a driving/fitness/golf instructor ▶ instruktor/ka
narzędzie, przyrząd, instrument
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tool, instrument, instrument
2 something that is used for playing music Do you play an instrument? ▶ inst. muz. 3 sth that is used for measuring speed, distance, temperature, etc. in a car, plane or ship the instrument panel (tablica rozdzielcza) of a plane ▶ przyrząd pomiarowy
instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt; US / noun [countable] ⇨ NOTE ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 a tool that is used for doing a particular job or task surgical/optical/precision instruments ▶ narzędzie przyrząd aparat
nieposłuszny
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insubordinate
□ insubordination /ˌɪnsəˌbɔ: dɪˈneɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] He was dismissed from the army for insubordination. ▶ nieposłuszeństwo niesubordynacja krnąbrność
insubordinate /ˌɪnsəˈbɔ: dɪnət; US / adj. (formal) (used about a person or behaviour) not obeying rules or orders ▶ nieposłuszny niesubordynowany krnąbrny
nieznaczny, nieobfity
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insubstantial
insubstantial /ˌɪnsəbˈstænʃl; US / adj. not large, solid or strong a hut built of insubstantial materials an insubstantial meal ▶ nietrwały nieobfity nieznaczny
nieznośny, nie do zniesienia
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insufferable
insufferable /ɪnˈsʌfrəbl; US / adj. (formal) (used about a person or behaviour) extremely unpleasant or annoying ▶ nieznośny nie do zniesienia □ insufferably /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ nieznośnie
niewystarczający, niedostateczny
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insufficient, insufficient
□ insufficiently /; US / adv. ▶ niewystarczająco
insufficient /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃnt; US / adj. insufficient (for sth/to do sth) not enough The students complained that they were given insufficient time for the test. ▶ niewystarczający nieodpowiedni niedostateczny  OPPOSITE  sufficient
izolować, uszczelniać
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insulate, seal
The walls are insulated against noise. • (figurative) This industry has been insulated from the effects of competition. ▶ izolować uszcelniać
insulate /ˈɪnsjuleɪt; US -səl- / verb [transitive] insulate sth (against/from sth) to protect sth with a material that prevents electricity, heat or sound from passing through You can save a lot of money on heating if you insulate your house.
izolacja, uszczelnienie
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insulation, sealing
□ insulation /ˌɪnsjuˈleɪʃn; US -səˈl- / [u] 1 noun the material used for insulating sth ▶ izolacja uszczelnienie 2 the process of insulating or the state of being insulated Foam rubber provides good insulation. ▶ za/izolowanie uszczelnianie
insulina
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insulin
insulin /ˈɪnsjulɪn; US -səl- / noun [uncountable] a substance, normally produced by the body itself, which controls the amount of sugar absorbed into the blood insulin injections ▶ insulina
obrażać, znieważać
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insult
insult2 /ˈɪnsʌlt; US / noun [c] a rude comment or action The drivers were standing in the road yelling insults at each other (obrzucając się obelgami). Some TV advertisements are an insult to people’s intelligence. ▶ zniewaga obraza lżenie
insult1 /ɪnˈsʌlt; US / verb [transitive] to speak or act rudely to sb I felt very insulted when I didn’t even get an answer to my letter. He was thrown out of the hotel for insulting the manager. ▶ znieważać obrażać ubliżać
obraźliwy
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insulting
insulting /ɪnˈsʌltɪŋ; US / adj. insulting (to sb/sth) making sb feel offended insulting behaviour/remarks That poster is insulting to women. ▶ obraźliwy znieważający ubliżający

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