Słowa na I-5

/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt ; US / v [t] 1(formal) to start sth to initiate peace talks ▶ zapoczątkowywać uruchamiać 2initiate sb (into sth) to explain sth to sb I wasn’t initiated into the joys of skiing until I was 30. ▶ wprowadzać kogoś (w arkana czegoś)

initiation /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] All the new students had to go through a strange initiation ceremony. ▶ zapoczątkowanie wtajemniczenie

initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv; US / noun 1 [countable] a new plan for solving a problem or improving a situation a new government initiative to help people start small businesses ▶ inicjatywa

3(the initiative) [sing.] the stronger position because you have done sth first; the advantage to take/lose the initiative ▶ przewaga inicjatywa

inject /ɪnˈdʒekt; US / verb [transitive] 1 to put a drug under the skin of a person’s or an animal’s body with a syringe Something was injected into my arm and I soon fell asleep. ▶ dawać zastrzyk wstrzykiwać

injection /ɪnˈdʒekʃn; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] (an) injection (of sth) (into sb/sth) the act of injecting a drug or other substance to give somebody an injection of penicillin The baby had the first of her injections yesterday.

2[countable] a large amount of sth that is added to sth to help it The theatre needs a huge cash injection if it is to stay open. This project needs an injection of energy. ▶ (przen.) zastrzyk

injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ v [t] to harm or hurt yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident The goalkeeper seriously injured himself when he hit the goalpost. She fell and injured her back (zraniła się w plecy). ▶ ranić kaleczyć krzywdzić

injured /ˈɪndʒəd; US / adj. 1 physically or mentally hurt an injured arm/leg ‘ Oh, don’t be so nasty!’ she said in an injured voice. injured pride ▶ zraniony poszkodowany

injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ noun [c, u] (pl. injuries) injury (to sb/sth) harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body, especially in an accident They escaped from the accident with only minor injuries. serious injury/injuries injury to the head rana, uraz

ˈinjury time noun [uncountable] (Brit.) time that is added to the end of a football, etc. match when there has been time lost because of injuries to players ▶ (sport) doliczony czas

injustice /ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/ noun [u, c] the fact of a situation being unfair; an unfair act racial/social injustice People are protesting about the injustice of the new tax. The report exposed the injustices of the system. ▶ niesprawiedliwość krzywda  

ink /ɪŋk; US / noun [uncountable, countable] coloured liquid that is used for writing, drawing, etc. Please write in ink (atramentem), not pencil. ▶ atrament tusz

inky /ˈɪŋki; US / adj. 1 made black with ink inky fingers ▶ poplamiony atramentem 2 very dark an inky night sky ▶ czarny jak atrament

inland /ˈɪnlænd; US / /ˌɪnˈlænd; US / adj. away from the coast or borders of a country ▶ śródlądowy □ inland adv. The village lies twenty miles inland. Goods are carried inland along narrow mountain roads. ▶ w głąb/głębi kraju/lądu

ˌInland ˈRevenue noun [sing.] (Brit.) the government department that collects taxes ▶ urząd skarbowy

ˈin-laws noun [pl.] (informal) your husband’s or wife’s mother and father or other relatives My in-laws are coming to lunch on Sunday. ▶ teściowie krewni żony lub męża

inlet /ˈɪnlet; US / noun [countable] 1 a narrow area of water that stretches into the land from the sea or a lake, or between islands a narrow/sheltered/shallow inlet ▶ przesmyk zatoczka

innate /ɪˈneɪt; US / adj. (used about an ability or a quality) that you have when you are born the innate ability to learn ▶ wrodzony

inner /ˈɪnə(r); US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 (of the) inside; towards or close to the centre of a place an inner courtyard The inner ear (ucho środkowe) is very delicate. ▶ wewnętrzny  OPPOSITE  outer

ˌinner ˈcity noun [countable] the poor parts of a large city, near the centre, that often have a lot of social problems ▶ podupadłe dzielnice śródmieścia

innermost /ˈɪnəməʊst; US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 (used about a feeling or thought) most secret or private She never told anyone her innermost thoughts. ▶ najskrytszy najtajniejszy

innocence /ˈɪnəsns; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the fact of not being guilty of a crime, etc. The accused man protested his innocence (utrzymywał, że jest niewinny) throughout his trial. ▶ niewinność  OPPOSITE  guilt

innocent /ˈɪnəsnt; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1innocent (of sth) not having done wrong An innocent man was arrested by mistake. to be innocent of a crime ▶ niewinny (czegoś)

3 not wanting to cause harm or upset sb, although it does He got very aggressive when I asked an innocent question about his past life. ▶ niewinny nieszkodliwy

□ innocently /; US / adv. ‘ What are you doing here?’ she asked innocently. ▶ naiwnie niewinnie prostodusznie

innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt; US / verb [intransitive] to create new things, ideas or ways of doing sth ▶ wprowadzać innowacje/zmiany

—innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv -vətɪv; US / (also innovatory /ˌɪnəˈveɪtəri; US ˈɪnəvətɔ: ri; US /) adj. innovative methods/designs/products ▶ innowacyjny nowatorski

inoffensive /ˌɪnəˈfensɪv; US / adj. not likely to offend or upset sb a gentle and inoffensive man ▶ nieszkodliwy niewinny

inorganic /ˌɪnɔ:ˈɡænɪk; US / adj. not made of or coming from living things Rocks and metals are inorganic substances. ▶ nieorganiczny

1 [countable, uncountable] input (of sth) (into/to sth) what you put into sth to make it successful We need some input from teachers into this book. This project will require a big input of resources. ▶ wkład (w coś) nakład (czegoś)

input2 /ˈɪnpʊt; US / verb [transitive] (inputting; past tense, past participle input or inputted) to put information into a computer to input text/data/figures ▶ wprowadzać (dane do komputera)

insane /ɪnˈseɪn; US / adj. 1 seriously mentally ill ▶ obłąkany chory umysłowo 2 not showing sensible judgement You must be insane to leave such a great job. ▶ szalony

insanitary /ɪnˈsænətri; US -teri / adj. (formal) dirty and likely to cause disease The restaurant was closed because of the insanitary conditions of the kitchen. ▶ niehigieniczny

insatiable /ɪnˈseɪʃəbl; US / adj. that cannot be satisfied; very great an insatiable appetite an insatiable desire for knowledge ▶ nienasycony niezaspokojony

ɪnˈskraɪb [t] (formal) inscribe A (on/in B); inscribe B (with A) write on sth or cut words into the surface The names of all the previous champions are inscribed on the cup. The book was inscribed with the author’s name. ▶ wpisywać ryć grawerować

inscription /ɪnˈskrɪpʃn; US / noun [countable] words that are written or cut on sth There was a Latin inscription on the tombstone. ▶ napis (wypisany lub wyryty)

insect /ˈɪnsekt; US / noun [countable] a small animal with six legs, two pairs of wings and a body which is divided into three parts Ants, flies, beetles, butterflies and mosquitoes are all insects. an insect bite/sting ▶ owad insekt

insecticide /ɪnˈsektɪsaɪd; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a substance that is used for killing insects ▶ środek owadobójczy

insecure /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə(r); US / adj. 1 insecure (about sb/sth) not confident about yourself or your relationships with other people Many teenagers are insecure about their appearance. ▶ niepewny (czegoś)

/ɪnˈsensətɪv/ adj. insensitive (to sth) 1 not knowing or caring how another person feels and therefore likely to hurt Some insensitive reporters tried to interview the families of the accident victims. an insensitive remark ▶ nietaktowny nieczuły

inseparable /ɪnˈseprəbl; US / adj. that cannot be separated from sb/sth inseparable friends ▶ nierozłączny nierozdzielny

insert /ɪnˈsɜ: t; US / verb [transitive] (formal) to put sth into sth or between two things Insert your money and then dial the number. I decided to insert a paragraph in the text. ▶ wkładać wstawiać (np. dodatkowy tekst)

inset /ˈɪnset noun [c] 1 a small picture, map, etc. inside a larger one For the Shetland Islands, see inset. ▶ ramka (zawierająca dodatkową informację, np. mapkę)

(insetting; past tense inset) [t] 1[usually passive] inset A (with B); inset B (into A) to fix sth into the surface of sth else, esp. as a decoration The tables were inset with ceramic tiles. Ceramic tiles were inset into the tables. ▶ wstawiać

inshore /ˈɪnʃɔ:(r); US ˌɪnˈʃɔ:(r); US / / / adj. in or towards the part of the sea that is close to the land inshore fishermen ▶ przybrzeżny □ inshore adv. Sharks don’t often come inshore. ▶ ku brzegowi

2 (used about information, etc.) told secretly by sb who belongs to a group, organization, etc. The robbers seemed to have had some inside information about the bank’s security system. ▶ poufny zakulisowy

ˌɪnˈsaɪd prep., adv. 1 in, on or to the inner part or surface of sth Is there anything inside the box? We’d better stay inside until the rain stops. It’s getting cold. Let’s go inside. Have a look inside and see what’s in it. ▶ (do) wewnątrz w środku

inside out with the inner surface on the outside You’ve got your jumper on inside out. ▶ na lewą stronę podszewką na zewnątrz

inside2 /ˌɪnˈsaɪd; US / noun 1[co] the inner part or surface of sth The insides of the windows need a good clean. The door was locked from the inside. There’s a label somewhere on the inside (po wewnętrznej stronie). ▶ wnętrze wewnętrzna strona

insidious /ɪnˈsɪdiəs; US / adj. (formal) spreading gradually or without being noticed, but causing serious harm the insidious effects of polluted water supplies ▶ podstępny zdradliwy zdradziecki

insight /ˈɪnsaɪt; US / noun [c, u] (an) insight (into sth) an understanding of what sb/sth is like The book gives a good insight into the lives of the poor. You need insight into human nature for this job. ▶ wgląd (w coś) rozumienie

insignia /ɪnˈsɪɡniə; US / noun [countable] (pl. insignia) the symbol or sign that shows sb’s position, or that they are a member of a group or an organization His uniform bore the insignia of a captain. the royal insignia ▶ insygnium

insignificant /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt; US / adj. of little value or importance an insignificant detail Working in such a big company made her feel insignificant. ▶ nieistotny błahy

insincere /ˌɪnsɪnˈsɪə(r); US -ˈsɪr / adj. saying or doing sth that you do not really believe His apology sounded insincere. Dan gave an insincere smile. ▶ nieszczery  OPPOSITE  sincere

insinuate /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt; US / verb [transitive] to suggest sth unpleasant in an indirect way She seemed to be insinuating that our work was below standard. ▶ insynuować sugerować dawać do zrozumienia

insist /ɪnˈsɪst; US / verb [i] 1insist (on sth/doing sth); insist that... to say strongly that you must have or do sth, or that sb else must do sth He always insists on the best. Zawsze wymaga tego, co najlepsze. Dan insisted on coming too.

2insist (on sth); insist that... to say firmly that sth is true (when sb does not believe you) She insisted on her innocence. Benjamin insisted that the accident wasn’t his fault. ▶ upierać się utrzymywać

insistent /ɪnˈsɪstənt; US / adj. 1 insistent (on sth/doing sth); insistent that... saying strongly that you must have or do sth, or that sb else must do sth She was most insistent that we should all be there.

□ insistently /; US / adv. ▶ stanowczo uporczywie natarczywie

□ insolence /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ bezczelność zuchwałość buta insolent /ˈɪnsələnt; US / adj. (formal) lacking respect; rude insolent behaviour ▶ bezczelny zuchwały

insoluble /ɪnˈsɒljəbl; US / adj. 1 that cannot be explained or solved We faced almost insoluble problems. ▶ nierozwiązalny nie do rozwiązania 2 that cannot be dissolved in a liquid ▶ nierozpuszczalny

insolvent /ɪnˈsɒlvənt; US / adj. not having enough money to pay what you owe The company has been declared insolvent. ▶ niewypłacalny  SYNONYM  bankrupt  OPPOSITE  solvent

insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə; US / noun [uncountable] the condition of being unable to sleep Do you ever suffer from insomnia? ▶ bezsenność

inspect /ɪnˈspekt; US / verb [transitive] 1inspect sb/sth (for sth) to look at sth closely or in great detail The detective inspected the room for fingerprints. ▶ badać sprawdzać

□ inspection /; US / noun [countable, uncountable] The fire prevention service will carry out an inspection of the building next week. On inspection (przy bliższym zbadaniu), the passport turned out to be false. ▶ inspekcja kontrola

inspector /ɪnˈspektə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 an official who visits schools, factories, etc. to make sure that rules are being obeyed, work is being done properly, etc. a health and safety inspector ▶ kontroler inspektor

2[countable] (informal) a sudden good idea I’ve had an inspiration – why don’t we go to that new club? ▶ nagły/dobry pomysł myśl

inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] an inspiration (to/for sb); inspiration (to do/for sth) a feeling, person or thing that makes you want to do sth or gives you exciting new ideas

inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r); US / verb [transitive] 1inspire sth; inspire sb (to do sth) to make sb want to do or create sth His novel was inspired by his relationship with his first wife.

2inspire sb (with sth); inspire sth (in sb) to make sb feel, think, etc. sth The guide’s nervous manner did not inspire much confidence in us. to be inspired with enthusiasm być zarażonym entuzjazmem ▶ wzbudzać natchnąć

inspired /ɪnˈspaɪəd; US / adj. influenced or helped by a particular feeling, thing or person The pianist gave an inspired performance. a politically inspired killing morderstwo o podłożu politycznym ▶ natchniony

instability /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] the state of being likely to change There are growing signs of political instability. ▶ niestałość niestabilność

install (US also instal) /ɪnˈstɔ: l; US / verb [transitive] 1 to put a piece of equipment, etc. in place so that it is ready to be used We are waiting to have our new washing machine installed. to install a computer system ▶ podłączać montować

□ installation /ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a military/nuclear installation the installation of a new chairman ▶ montaż instalacja wprowadzenie na urząd

instalment (US installment) /ɪnˈstɔ: lmənt; US / noun [countable] 1 one of the regular payments that you make for sth until you have paid the full amount to pay for something in instalments When is the next instalment due on the car? ▶ rata

instance /ˈɪnstəns; US / noun [countable] an instance (of sth) an example or case (of sth) There have been several instances of racial attacks in the area. In most instances the drug has no side effects. ▶ przypadek przykład

instant1 /ˈɪnstənt; US / adj. 1 happening immediately The film was an instant success. She took an instant dislike to me. A new government cannot bring about instant change. ▶ natychmiastowy nagły

instant2 /ˈɪnstənt; US / noun [usually sing.] 1 a very short period of time Alex thought for an instant and then agreed. ▶ chwila

instantaneous /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs; US / adj. happening immediately or extremely quickly ▶ natychmiastowy □ instantaneously /; US / adv. ▶ natychmiastowo momentalnie

instantly /ˈɪnstəntli; US / adv. without delay; immediately I asked him a question and he replied instantly. ▶ natychmiast bezzwłocznie natychmiastowo

instead /ɪnˈsted; US adv. in the place of sb/sth I couldn’t go so my husband went instead. She said nothing, preferring instead to save her comments till later. He didn’t reply. Instead, he turned and left the room. ▶ zamiast tego/kogoś/czegoś

instil (US instill) /ɪnˈstɪl; US / verb [transitive] (instilling; instilled) instil sth (in/into sb) to make sb think or feel sth Parents should try to instil a sense of responsibility into their children. ▶ wpajać

instinct /ˈɪnstɪŋkt; US / noun [countable, uncountable] the natural force that causes a person or an animal to behave in a particular way without thinking or learning about it Birds learn to fly by instinct.

instinctive /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv; US / adj. based oninstinct, not thought or training instinctive knowledge She’s an instinctive player. My instinctive reaction was to deny everything. ▶ instynktowny

institute1 /ˈɪnstɪtju: t; US -tu: t / noun [countable] an organization that has a particular purpose; the building used by this organization the Institute of Science and Technology institutes of higher education ▶ instytut zakład naukowy

institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn; US -ˈtu:ʃn / noun 1 [countable] a large, important organization that has a particular purpose, such as a bank, a university, etc. the financial institutions in the City of London ▶ instytucja

3[countable] a social custom or habit that has existed for a long time the institution of marriage ▶ instytucja zwyczaj

instruct /ɪnˈstrʌkt; US / verb [transitive] 1instruct sb (to do sth) to give an order to sb; to tell sb to do sth The soldiers were instructed to shoot above the heads of the crowd. ▶ rozkazywać polecać zlecać

instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn; US / noun 1(instructions) [pl.] detailed information on how you should use sth, do sth, etc. Read the instructions on the back of the packet carefully. You should always follow the instructions. ▶ instrukcja (obsługi)

instructive /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv; US / adj. giving useful information ▶ pouczający kształcący □ instructively /; US / adv. ▶ pouczająco

instructor /ɪnˈstrʌktə(r); US / noun [countable] a person whose job is to teach a practical skill or sport a driving/fitness/golf instructor ▶ instruktor/ka

instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt; US / noun [countable] ⇨ NOTE ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 a tool that is used for doing a particular job or task surgical/optical/precision instruments ▶ narzędzie przyrząd aparat

insubordinate /ˌɪnsəˈbɔ: dɪnət; US / adj. (formal) (used about a person or behaviour) not obeying rules or orders ▶ nieposłuszny niesubordynowany krnąbrny

insubstantial /ˌɪnsəbˈstænʃl; US / adj. not large, solid or strong a hut built of insubstantial materials an insubstantial meal ▶ nietrwały nieobfity nieznaczny

insufferable /ɪnˈsʌfrəbl; US / adj. (formal) (used about a person or behaviour) extremely unpleasant or annoying ▶ nieznośny nie do zniesienia □ insufferably /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ nieznośnie

insufficient /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃnt; US / adj. insufficient (for sth/to do sth) not enough The students complained that they were given insufficient time for the test. ▶ niewystarczający nieodpowiedni niedostateczny  OPPOSITE  sufficient

insulate /ˈɪnsjuleɪt; US -səl- / verb [transitive] insulate sth (against/from sth) to protect sth with a material that prevents electricity, heat or sound from passing through You can save a lot of money on heating if you insulate your house.

□ insulation /ˌɪnsjuˈleɪʃn; US -səˈl- / [u] 1 noun the material used for insulating sth ▶ izolacja uszczelnienie 2 the process of insulating or the state of being insulated Foam rubber provides good insulation. ▶ za/izolowanie uszczelnianie

insulin /ˈɪnsjulɪn; US -səl- / noun [uncountable] a substance, normally produced by the body itself, which controls the amount of sugar absorbed into the blood insulin injections ▶ insulina

insult1 /ɪnˈsʌlt; US / verb [transitive] to speak or act rudely to sb I felt very insulted when I didn’t even get an answer to my letter. He was thrown out of the hotel for insulting the manager. ▶ znieważać obrażać ubliżać

insulting /ɪnˈsʌltɪŋ; US / adj. insulting (to sb/sth) making sb feel offended insulting behaviour/remarks That poster is insulting to women. ▶ obraźliwy znieważający ubliżający