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introspekcja
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introspection
introspective /ˌɪntrəˈspektɪv; US / adj. tending to think a lot about your own thoughts, feelings, etc. There were a lot of family problems and Jim became increasingly introspective. an introspective piece of writing ▶ introspektywny
introspection /ˌɪntrəˈspekʃn/ noun [uncountable] the careful examination of your own thoughts, feelings and reasons for behaving in a particular way These situations are best resolved with the minimum of introspection or self-analysis. ▶ introspekcja
introwertyk
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introvert
introvert /ˈɪntrəvɜ: t; US / noun [countable] a quiet, shy person who prefers to be alone than with other people ▶ introwerty-k/czka  OPPOSITE  extrovert □ introverted /; US / adj. ▶ zamknięty w sobie introwertyczny wpatrzony w siebie
narzucać się, wtargnąć
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impose oneself, intrude
I’m sorry to intrude on your Sunday lunch but... You’re intruding – this is a private party. ▶ wchodzić gdzieś niespodziewanie i nie będąc zaproszonym narzucać się
intrude /ɪnˈtrʌ: d/ verb [i] intrude on/upon sb/sth to enter a place or situation without permission or when you are not wanted
intruz, nieproszony gość
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an intruder
intruder /ɪnˈtru: də(r); US / noun [countable] a person who enters a place without permission and often secretly ▶ intruz nieproszony gość
narzucanie się, wtargnięcie
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intrusion
□ intrusive /ɪnˈtru: sɪv; US / adj. ▶ nieproszony
intrusion /ɪnˈtru:ʒn/ noun [c, un] (an) intrusion (on/upon/into sth) something that disturbs you or your life when you want to be private This was another example of press intrusion into the affairs of the royals. ▶ narzucanie się wtargnięcie
intuicja, intuicyjny
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intuition, intuitive
intuitive /ɪnˈtju:ɪtɪv; US -ˈtu:- / adj. 1 (used about ideas) obtained by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts He had an intuitive sense of what the reader wanted. ▶ intuicyjny
intuition /ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn/ noun [c, u] the feeling or understanding that makes you believe or know sth is true without being able to explain why She knew, by intuition (intuicyjnie), about his illness although he never mentioned it. ▶ intuicja przeczucie
intuicyjnie
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intuitively
□ intuitively /; US / adv. Intuitively, she knew that he was lying. ▶ intuicyjnie
najeżdzać, dokonywać inwazji
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invade, invade
2[t] to enter in large numbers, often where sb/sth is not wanted As the final whistle blew, fans began invading the pitch The whole area has been invaded by tourists. The town is invaded with tourists ▶ (przen.) dokonywać inwazji okupować
invade /ɪnˈveɪd; US / verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to enter a country with an army in order to attack and take control of it When did the Romans invade Britain? ▶ najeżdżać dokonywać inwazji
najeźdzca
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invader
□ invader /; US / noun [countable] They forced back the invaders. ▶ najeźdźca
nieważny, nieprawomocny
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invalid, invalid
2 not correct according to reason; not based on all the facts an invalid argument ▶ nieważny bezpodstawny 3 (used about an instruction, etc.) of a type that the computer cannot recognize an invalid command ▶ nieprawidłowy
invalid1 /ɪnˈvælɪd; US / adj. 1 not legally or officially acceptable I’m afraid your passport is invalid. ▶ nieprawomocny nieważny
osoba niepełnosprawna
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invalid
invalid2 /ˈɪnvəlɪd; US / noun [countable] a person who has been very ill for a long time and needs to be looked after Her husband’s been an invalid ever since he had his first stroke. ▶ osoba niepełnosprawna
unieważniać
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invalidate
2 to make a document, contract, election, etc. no longer legally or officially valid or acceptable ▶ unieważniać (np. kontrakt)  OPPOSITE  for both meanings validate □ invalidation /ɪnˌvælɪˈdeɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ obalenie unieważnienie
invalidate /ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt; US / verb [transitive] (formal) 1 to prove that an idea, a story, an argument, etc. is wrong This new piece of evidence invalidates his version of events. ▶ obalać (np. teorię)
bezcenny, nieoceniony
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invaluable
Uwaga! Invaluable nie jest antonimem valuable. Słowem o przeciwnym znaczeniu jest valueless lub worthless.
invaluable /ɪnˈvæljuəbl; US / adj. invaluable (to/for sb/sth) extremely useful invaluable help/information/support ▶ nieoceniony bezcenny
niezmienny
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invariable
invariably /ɪnˈveəriəbli; US / adv. almost always She invariably arrives late. ▶ niezmiennie zawsze
invariable /ɪnˈveəriəbl; US / adj. not changing ▶ niezmienny
najazd, inwazja
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invasion, invasion
2[countable] the act of entering a place where you are not wanted and disturbing sb Such questions are an invasion of privacy. ▶ naruszenie (np. czyjejś prywatności) ⇨ verb invade
invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒn; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] the act of entering another country with your army in order to take control of it the threat of invasion ▶ najazd inwazja napaść
inwazyjny
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invasive
/ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ adj. (formal) 1 (especially used about diseases within the body) spreading very quickly and difficult to stop invasive cancer ▶ inwazyjny 2 (used about medical treatment) involving cutting into the body invasive surgery ▶ inwazyjny
inwektywa
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invective
invective /ɪnˈvektɪv / noun [u] (formal) rude language and unpleasant remarks that sb shouts when they are very angry The gesture infuriated him and he let out a stream of invective. a speech full of invective against the government ▶ inwektywa
wynaleźć, wymyślać
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invent, invent
□ inventor /; US / noun [countable] ▶ wynalaz-ca/czyni
/ɪnˈvent / v [t] 1 to think of or make sth for the first time Laszlo Biro invented the ballpoint pen. When was the camera invented? ▶ wynaleźć 2 to say or describe sth that is not true I realized that he had invented the whole story. ▶ wymyślać
wynalazek
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an invention
2[uncountable] the action or process of making or designing sth for the first time Books had to be written by hand before the invention of printing. ▶ wynalezienie
invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ noun 1 [countable] a thing that has been made or designed by sb for the first time The microwave oven is a very useful invention. ▶ wynalazek
pomysłowy, pełen pomysłów
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inventive
inventive /ɪnˈventɪv; US / adj. having clever and original ideas ▶ pomysłowy wynalazczy pełen pomysłów □ inventiveness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ pomysłowość
inwentarz
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inventory
inventory /ˈɪnvəntri; US -tɔ: ri / noun [countable] (pl. inventories) a detailed list, for example of all the furniture in a house The landlord is coming to make an inventory of the contents of the flat. ▶ inwentarz
odwrotny
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inverse
□ the inverse noun [sing.] the exact opposite of sth ▶ odwrotność —inversely /ˌɪnˈvɜ: sli; US / adv. We regard health as inversely related to social class. ▶ odwrotnie
inverse /ˌɪnˈvɜ: s; US / adj. [only before a noun] opposite in amount or position A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. There is often an inverse relationship between the power of the tool ▶ odwrotny
odwracać
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invert
invert /ɪnˈvɜ: t; US / verb [transitive] (formal) to put sth in the opposite order or position to the way it usually is What you see in a mirror is an inverted image (odwrócone odbicie) of yourself. ▶ odwracać
bezkręgowiec
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invertebrate
invertebrate /ɪnˈvɜ: tɪbrət; US / noun [countable] an animal with no backbone ▶ (biol.) bezkręgowiec
inwestować
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to invest
2 to spend money, time or energy on sth that you think is good or useful I’m thinking of investing in a computer. You have to invest a lot of time if you really want to learn a language well. ▶ kupować inwestować
invest /ɪnˈvest/ verb [i, t] invest (sth) (in sth) 1 to put money into a bank, business, property, etc. in the hope that you will make a profit Many firms have invested heavily in this project. I’ve invested all my money in the company. ▶ inwestować
inwestor
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investor
□ investor /; US / noun [countable] The government is trying to attract more overseas investors. ▶ inwestor/ka
prowadzić dochodzenie
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to investigate
□ investigator /; US / noun [countable] Accident investigators are examining wreckage from the aircraft. ▶ badacz/ka osoba prowadząca dochodzenie
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt; US / verb [i, t] to try to find out all the facts about sth A murder was reported and the police were sent to investigate. A group of experts are investigating the cause of the crash. ▶ prowadzić dochodzenie badać
dochodzenie, śledztwo, badanie
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investigation, investigation, investigation
The matter is still under investigation (jest nadal przedmiotem dochodzenia) by the police. ▶ dochodzenie śledztwo badanie
investigation /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (an) investigation (into sth) The airlines are going to carry out an investigation into security procedures at airports.
dochodzeniowy, badawczy
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investigative, research
investigative /ɪnˈvestɪɡətɪv; US -ɡeɪtɪv / adj. trying to find out all the facts about sb/sth investigative journalism dziennikarstwo śledcze ▶ badawczy dochodzeniowy odkrywczy
inwestycja, inwestowanie
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investment, investing
The company will have to make an enormous investment to computerize production. We got a good return on our original investment of £ 10 000. ▶ inwestycja inwestowanie
investment /ɪnˈvestmənt; US / noun 1 [uncountable, countable] (an) investment (in sth) the act of putting money in a bank, business, property, etc.; the amount of money that you put in investment in local industry
dodawać energii, orzeźwiać
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invigorate
□ invigorating /; US / adj. an invigorating early-morning swim ▶ orzeźwiający dodający energii wzmacniający
invigorate /ɪnˈvɪɡəreɪt; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] to make sb feel healthy, fresh and full of energy I felt invigorated after my run. ▶ orzeźwiać dodawać energii wzmacniać
niepokonany, niezwyciężony
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invincible, invincible
invincible /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl; US / adj. too strong or powerful to be defeated ▶ niezwyciężony niepokonany (wiara itp.) niezachwiany
niewidzialny
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invisible
□ invisibility /ɪnˌvɪzəˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ niewidzialność niewidoczność —invisibly /-əbli; US / adv. These animals blend almost invisibly into any background. ▶ niewidzialnie niewidocznie
invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəbl; US / adj. invisible (to sb/sth) that cannot be seen bacteria that are invisible to the naked eye The detective tried to make himself invisible behind a group of people. ▶ niewidzialny niewidoczny
zaproszenie
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invitation
2[uncountable] the act of inviting sb or being invited Entry is by invitation only. a letter of invitation list zapraszający ▶ zaproszenie zapraszanie
/ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ 1[c] an invitation to sb/sth (to sth/to do sth) a request to go somewhere Did you get an invitation to the conference? a wedding invitation to accept an invitation to turn down/(formal) decline an invitation ▶ zaproszenie
zapraszać
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to invite
2 to make sth unpleasant likely to happen You’re inviting trouble (narobisz sobie biedy) if you carry so much money around. Don’t invite thieves by leaving your windows open. ▶ prowokować zachęcać (do czegoś)
invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ verb [t] 1invite sb (to/for sth) to ask sb to come somewhere or to do sth We invited all the family to the wedding. Shall we invite Louise and Pete for a meal next Saturday? Applicants will be invited for interview ▶ zapraszać
invite phr
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invite
invite sb back - zapraszać kogoś do swojego domu po wspólnym pobycie gdzieś/zapraszać na rewizytę invite sb in zapraszać kogoś do środka (do siebie do domu) invite sb out -zapraszać kogoś na wspólne wyjście
pociągający, zapraszający
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inviting
inviting /ɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ; US / adj. attractive and pleasant The smell of cooking was very inviting. ▶ pociągający zapraszający nęcący ponętny
in vitro
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in vitro
□ in vitro adv. an egg fertilized in vitro ▶ in vitro
in vitro /ɪn ˈvi: trəʊ; US / adj. (used about a process or a reaction) taking place in a glass tube or dish, not inside a living body in vitro experiments the development of in vitro fertilization ▶ in vitro
faktura
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an invoice
invoice /ˈɪnvɔɪs; US / noun [countable] an official paper that lists goods or services that you have received and says how much you have to pay for them Have we received an invoice for the building work yet? ▶ faktura
odruchowy, nieumyślny
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involuntary
□ involuntarily /ɪnˈvɒləntrəli; US ɪnˌvɑ: lənˈterəli / adv. ▶ mimowolnie nieumyślnie odruchowo
involuntary /ɪnˈvɒləntri; US -teri / adj. done without wanting or meaning to She gave an involuntary gasp of pain as the doctor inserted the needle. ▶ mimowolny nieumyślny odruchowy
wymagać, pociągać za sobą
3involve sb/sth in (doing) sth to cause sb/sth to take part in or be concerned with sth Please don’t involve me in your family arguments. ▶ wciągać/mieszać (kogoś w coś) wikłać
Mimo że czasownika involve w znaczeniu 1 i 2 nie używa się w czasach continuous, często spotyka się go w present participle (formie -ing): There was a serious accident involving a stolen car.
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involve
2[not used in the continuous tenses] if a situation, an event or an activity involves sb/sth, he/she/it takes part in it The story involves a woman who went on holiday with her child. More than 100 people were involved in the project. ▶ dotyczyć
involve /ɪnˈvɒlv; US / verb [transitive] 1[not used in the continuous tenses] to make sth necessary The job involves a lot of travelling. ▶ wymagać pociągać za sobą
zaangażowanie, zaangażowany
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involvement, involved
involved /ɪnˈvɒlvd; US / / / adj. 1 [not before a noun] involved (in sth) closely connected with sth; taking an active part in sth I’m very involved in local politics. ▶ zaangażowany
□ involvement /; US / noun [countable, uncountable] They deny any involvement in the robbery. ▶ zaangażowanie 2[not before a noun] involved (with sb) having a sexual relationship with sb She is involved with an older man. ▶ zaangażowany
skierowany do środka
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inward
[only before a noun] inside your mind my inward feelings ▶ myślowy wewnętrzny duchowy skryty inwardly /ˈɪnwədli; US / adv. in your mind; secretly He was inwardly relieved that they could not come to the party. ▶ w duchu skrycie
inward /ˈɪnwəd; US / adv. (also inwards) towards the inside or centre Stand in a circle facing inwards. ▶ skierowany do środka/wnętrza
jód
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iodine
iodine /ˈaɪədi: n; US -daɪn / noun [uncountable] (symbol I) a substance that is found in sea water. A purple liquid containing iodine is sometimes used to clean cuts in your skin. ▶ jod jodyna
tęczówka, irys
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iris, iris
iris /ˈaɪrɪs; US / noun [countable] 1 the coloured part of your eye ▶ tęczówka ⇨ look at pupil 2 a tall plant with long pointed leaves and large bright yellow or purple flowers ▶ kosaciec irys
żelazny
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iron
The roof of the hut was made of corrugated iron (z blachy falistej). The doctor gave me iron tablets. • (figurative) The general has an iron will (żelazną wolę). ▶ żelazo żelazny
iron1 /ˈaɪən; US / noun 1 [u] (symbol Fe) an iron bar iron ore ruda żelaza wrought-iron (z kutego żelaza) railings a pot made of cast iron (z lanego żelaza)
żelazko
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an iron
2 [countable] an electrical instrument with a flat bottom that is heated and used to smooth clothes after you have washed and dried them a steam iron ▶ żelazko
prasować
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iron
iron2 /ˈaɪən; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW to use an iron to make clothes, etc. smooth Could you iron this dress for me? That shirt needs ironing. ▶ prasować
żelazna kurtyna
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Iron curtain
the ˌIron ˈCurtain noun [sing.] the name that people used for the border that used to exist between Western Europe and the communist countries of Eastern Europe ▶ żelazna kurtyna
ironiczny
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ironic
2 (used about a situation) strange or amusing because it is unusual or unexpected It is ironic that (paradoksalnie) the busiest people are often the most willing to help. ▶ ironiczny paradoksalny
ironic /aɪˈrɒnɪk; US / (also ironical /aɪˈrɒnɪkl; US /) adj. 1 meaning the opposite of what you say an ironic sense of humour ‘ Oh, I’m so pleased,’ she said in an ironic way. ▶ ironiczny ⇨ look at sarcastic
ironicznie
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ironically
□ ironically /-kli; US / adv. Ironically, the person who ran over our dog was a vet. ▶ ironicznie jak na ironię
prasowanie
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Ironing
ˈironing board noun [countable] a special narrow table covered with cloth that you iron clothes on ▶ deska do prasowania
ironing /ˈɑɪənɪŋ; US / noun [uncountable] clothes, etc. that you have just ironed or that you need to iron a large pile of ironing ▶ prasowanie (rzeczy do prasowania lub już wyprasowane)
ironia
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irony
2[uncountable] a way of speaking that shows you are joking or that you mean the opposite of what you say ‘ The English are such good cooks’, he said with heavy irony. ▶ ironia
irony /ˈaɪrəni/ noun (pl. ironies) 1[c, u] an unusual or unexpected part of a situation, etc. that seems strange or amusing The irony was that (jak na ironię losu) he was killed in a car accident soon after the end of the war. ▶ ironia paradoks
napromieniowywać
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irradiate
irradiate /ɪˈreɪdieɪt; US / verb [transitive] to send rays of radioactivity through sth ▶ napromieniowywać naświetlać (promieniami)
nieracjonalny
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irrational
—irrationally /ɪˈræʃənəli; US / adv. ▶ irracjonalnie nieracjonalnie
irrational /ɪˈræʃənl; US / adj. not based on reason or clear thought an irrational fear of spiders ▶ irracjonalny nieracjonalny irrationality /ɪˌræʃəˈnæləti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ irracjonalność nieracjonalność
nieprzejednany
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irreconcilable, irreconcilably
irreconcilably /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ (w sposób) nie do pogodzenia nieprzejednanie
irreconcilable /ɪˌrekənˈsaɪləbl; US / adj. (formal) (used about people or their ideas and beliefs) so different that they cannot be made to agree ▶ nie do pogodzenia nieprzejednany
nierównomierny
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irregular
2 happening at times that you cannot predict His visits became more and more irregular. an irregular pulse ▶ nieregularny nierównomierny
irregular /ɪˈreɡjələ(r); US / adj. 1 not having a shape or pattern that we recognize or can predict an irregular shape ▶ nieregularny nierównomierny
nieregularny
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irregular
4 not following the usual rules of grammar ‘ Caught’ is an irregular past tense form. ▶ nieregularny
3 not allowed according to the rules or social customs It is highly irregular for a doctor to give information about patients without their permission. ▶ niezgodny z przepisami/zasadami
nieregularnie
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irregularly, irregularity
—irregularly /; US / adv. ▶ nieregularnie nierównomiernie nierówno niezgodnie z przepisami
□ irregularity /ɪˌreɡjəˈlærəti; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. irregularities) ▶ nieregularność nierównomierność nierówność niezgodność z przepisami/zasadami
błahostka, rzecz nieistotna
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irrelevant
2[uncountable] the state of being irrelevant ▶ oderwanie od tematu niestosowność
□ irrelevance /; US / (also irrelevancy pl. irrelevancies) noun 1 [countable] something that is irrelevant ▶ rzecz nieistotna rzecz oderwana od tematu błahostka
oderwany od tematu
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irrelevant
—irrelevantly /; US / adv. ▶ niestosownie ni w pięć ni w dziewięć od rzeczy
irrelevant /ɪˈreləvənt; US / adj. not connected with sth or important to it That evidence is irrelevant to the case. ▶ oderwany od tematu/rzeczy itp. bez związku z tematem/rzeczą itp.
niepowetowany, nienaprawialny
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irreparable
irreparable /ɪˈrepərəbl; US / adj. that cannot be repaired Irreparable damage has been done to the ancient forests of Eastern Europe. ▶ nie do naprawienia niepowetowany □ irreparably /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ w sposób nie do naprawienia
niezastąpiony
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irreplaceable
irreplaceable /ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbl; US / adj. (used about sth very valuable or special) that cannot be replaced ▶ niezastąpiony
nienaganny, nieskazitelny
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irreproachable
irreproachable /ˌɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəbl; US / adj. (used about a person or their behaviour) free from fault and impossible to criticize ▶ nienaganny nieskazitelny
nieodparty, porywający
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irresistible, thrilling
2irresistible (to sb) very attractive He seems to think he’s irresistible to women. The sea is irresistible on a hot day like this. ▶ taki, że nie można się (czemuś/komuś) oprzeć
irresistible /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl; US / adj. 1 so strong that it cannot be stopped or prevented an irresistible urge to laugh Their arguments were irresistible – I had to agree. ▶ nieprzeparty nieodparty porywający
nieodparcie
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irresistibly
□ irresistibly /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ nieprzeparcie nieodparcie porywająco
bez względu na coś / niezależnie od czegoś
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irrespective
irrespective of /ˌɪrɪˈspektɪv əv; US / prep. not affected by Anybody can take part in the competition, irrespective of age. ▶ niezależnie (od czegoś) bez względu (na coś)
lekkomyślny
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irresponsible
□ irresponsibility /ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ nieodpowiedzialność lekkomyślność —irresponsibly /ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbli; US / adv. ▶ nieodpowiedzialnie lekkomyślnie
irresponsible /ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl; US / adj. not thinking about the effect your actions will have; not sensible It is irresponsible to let small children go out alone. ▶ nieodpowiedzialny lekkomyślny
uchybiający, bez szacunku
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irreverent
irreverence /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ brak szacunku lekceważenie uchybianie —irreverently /; US / adv. ▶ bez szacunku lekceważąco uchybiająco
irreverent /ɪˈrevərənt; US / adj. not feeling or showing respect This comedy takes an irreverent look at the world of politics. ▶ bez szacunku lekceważący uchybiający
nieodwracalny
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irreversible
irreversible /ˌɪrɪˈvɜ: səbl; US / adj. that cannot be stopped or changed an irreversible decision The disease can do irreversible damage to the body. ▶ nieodwołalny nieodwracalny □ irreversibly /-əbli; US / adv. ▶ nieodwołalnie nieodwracalnie
nawadniać
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irrigate
□ irrigation /ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] irrigation channels Irrigation has increased the area of land that can be cultivated. ▶ nawadnianie irygacja
irrigate /ˈɪrɪɡeɪt; US / verb [transitive] to supply water to an area of land so that crops will grow irrigated land/crops ▶ nawadniać irygować
drażliwy, nerwowy
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irritable, nervous
□ irritability /ˌɪrɪtəˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ drażliwość nadpobudliwość nerwowość —irritably /ˈɪrɪtəbli; US / adv. ▶ z rozdrażnienem/irytacją drażliwie nerwowo
irritable /ˈɪrɪtəbl; US / adj. becoming angry easily to be/feel/get irritable ▶ drażliwy skory do gniewu nerwowy
drażnić, irytować
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to irritate
irritated /; US / adj. irritated (at/by/with sth) annoyed or angry She was getting more and more irritated at his comments. ▶ zdenerwowany rozdrażniony/podirytowany (z powodu czegoś)
irritate /ˈɪrɪteɪt; US / verb [t] 1 to make sb angry It really irritates me the way he keeps repeating himself. ▶ denerwować drażnić 2 to cause a part of the body to be painful or sore I don’t use soap because it irritates my skin. ▶ podrażniać
drażniący
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irritating
—irritation /ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] — ▶ zdenerwowanie gniew irytacja
—irritating /; US / adj. I found her extremely irritating an irritating habit an irritating cough/rash ▶ denerwujący drażniący irytujący
islam, islamski
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islam, islamic
Islam /ɪzˈlɑ: m; US / noun [uncountable] the religion of Muslim people. Islam teaches that there is only one God and that Muhammad is His Prophet. ▶ islam mahometanizm □ Islamic /; US / adj. Islamic law ▶ muzułmański islamski mahometański
wyspa
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an island
island /ˈaɪlənd; US / noun [countable] 1 a piece of land that is surrounded by water the islands of the Caribbean the Greek islands ▶ wyspa
wyspiarz
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islander
islander /ˈaɪləndə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who lives on a small island ▶ wyspia-rz/rka
wyspa
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isle
Isle najczęściej używa się w nazwach geograficznych.
isle /aɪl; US / noun [countable] an island the Isle of Wight the British Isles ▶ wyspa
izolować
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to isolate
We need to isolate all the animals with the disease so that the others don’t catch it. ▶ izolować odseparowywać odosabniać wyodrębniać
isolate /ˈaɪsəleɪt; US / verb [transitive] isolate sb/sth (from sb/sth) to put or keep sb/sth separate from other people or things Some farms were isolated by the heavy snowfalls.
odizolowany
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isolated
2 not connected with others; happening once an isolated case of food poisoning ▶ odosobniony odizolowany
isolated /ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd; US / adj. 1 isolated (from sb/sth) alone or apart from other people or things an isolated village deep in the countryside I was kept isolated from the other patients. ▶ odizolowany osamotniony
izolacja
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isolation
In isolation each problem (każdy problem z osobna) does not seem bad, but together they are quite daunting. ▶ odosobnienie izolacja
isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] isolation (from sb/sth); in isolation (from sb/sth) the state of being separate and alone; the act of separating sb/sth He lived in complete isolation from the outside world.
izotop
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isotope
isotope /ˈaɪsətəʊp; US / noun [countable] one of two or more forms of a chemical element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in their atoms. radioactive isotopes the many isotopes of carbon ▶ izotop
kwestia, sprawa, zagadnienie
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matter, matter, issue
2[countable] one in a series of things that are published or produced Do you have last week’s issue of this magazine? There’s usually a special issue of stamps for Christmas. ▶ wydanie emisja numer (czasopisma)
issue1 /ˈɪʃu:; ˈɪsju:; US / 1[c] I want to raise the issue of overtime pay at the meeting. The school cannot avoid the issue of truancy any longer. The government seems to be treating environmental protection as a side issue. ▶ kwestia sprawa
robić z czegoś dużą sprawę
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make an issue of sth
make an issue (out) of sth to give too much importance to a small problem OK, we disagree on this but let’s not make an issue of it. ▶ robić z czegoś dużą sprawę robić z czegoś kwestię
wydawać, przydzielać
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issue
2[transitive] to print and supply sth to issue a magazine ▶ wydawać emitować
issue2 /ˈɪʃu:; ˈɪsju:; US / verb 1 [transitive] to give or say sth to sb, often officially The new employees were issued with uniforms. to issue a visa The police will issue a statement later today. ▶ wydawać przydzielać
kursywa
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italics
□ italic adj. italic handwriting pismo pochyłe ▶ pisany/drukowany kursywą
italics /ɪˈtælɪks; US / noun [pl.] a type of writing or printing in which the letters do not stand straight up All the example sentences in the dictionary are printed in italics (kursywą). ▶ kursywa pismo pochyłe
swędzenie
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itching
—itchy /; US / adj. This shirt is itchy. My skin is all itchy. ▶ swędzący (ubranie) drapiący
itch /ɪtʃ; US / noun [countable] the feeling on your skin that makes you want to rub or scratch it I’ve got an itch on my back. ▶ Swędzą mnie plecy. swędzenie □ itch verb [intransitive] My whole body is itching. ▶ swędzieć
pozycja, artykuł, punkt
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item
2 one single article or object Can I pay for each item separately? an item of clothing sztuka odzieży ▶ artykuł rzecz 3 a single piece of news There was an interesting item about Spain in yesterday’s news. ▶ wiadomość
item /ˈaɪtəm; US / noun [countable] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 one single thing on a list or in a collection Some items arrived too late to be included in the catalogue. What is the first item on the agenda? ▶ pozycja punkt programu
wyszczególniać
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itemize
itemize (also itemise) /ˈaɪtəmaɪz; US / verb [transitive] to make a list of all the separate items in sth an itemized telephone bill ▶ wyszczególniać
wędrowny, objazdowy
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itinerant
itinerant /aɪˈtɪnərənt; US / adj. [only before a noun] travelling from place to place an itinerant circus family ▶ wędrowny objazdowy
marszruta, plan podróży
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route, itinerary
itinerary /aɪˈtɪnərəri; US -reri / noun [countable] (pl. itineraries) a plan of a journey, including the route and the places that you will visit ▶ plan podróży marszruta
kość słoniowa
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ivory
ivory /ˈaɪvəri; US / noun [uncountable] the hard white substance that the tusks of an elephant are made of ▶ kość słoniowa
bluszcz
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ivy
ivy /ˈaɪvi; US / noun [uncountable] a climbing plant that has dark leaves with three or five points ▶ bluszcz

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