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junior1 /ˈdʒu: niə(r); US / adj. 1 junior (to sb) having a low or lower position (than sb) in an organization, etc. a junior doctor/employee a junior officer podoficer A lieutenant is junior to a captain in the army. ▶ niższy/młodszy rangą

3[countable] (Brit.) a child who goes to junior school The juniors are having an outing to a museum today. ▶ dziecko chodzące do szkoły dla dzieci w wieku od 7 do 11 lat

junior2 /ˈdʒu: niə(r); US / noun 1 [countable] a person who has a low position in an organization, etc. office juniors ▶ osoba niższa/młodsza (rangą)

junk /dʒʌŋk; US / noun [uncountable] (informal) things that are old or useless or do not have much value There’s an awful lot of junk up in the attic. ▶ rupiecie graty starzyzna

junta /ˈdʒʌntə; US ˈhʊn- / noun [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] a group, especially of military officers, who rule a country by force ▶ junta

Jupiter /ˈdʒu: pɪtə(r); US / noun [sing.] the planet that is fifth in order from the sun ▶ Jowisz

jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn; US / noun [uncountable] legal power or authority; the area in which this power can be used That question is outside the jurisdiction of this council. ▶ jurysdykcja kompetencja władzy obszar kompetencji władzy

juror /ˈdʒʊərə(r); US / noun [countable] a member of a jury ▶ członek ławy przysięgłych juror/ka (konkursu)

/ˈdʒʊəri/ noun [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] ( pl. juries) 1 a group of members of the public in a court of law who listen to the facts about a crime and decide if sb is guilty or not guilty Has/have the jury reached a verdict? ▶ ława przysięgłych

just1 /dʒʌst; US / adv. 1 exactly It’s just 8 o’clock. That’s just what I meant. Just as I thought, he’s forgotten his keys. You’re just as clever as he is. The room was too hot before, but now it’s just right (w sam raz)... ▶ dokładnie

3 a very short time before She’s just been to the shops. He’d just returned from France when I saw him. They came here just before (tuż przed) Easter. ▶ właśnie dopiero co

just2 /dʒʌst; US / adj. fair and right; reasonable a just punishment I don’t think that was a very just decision. ▶ sprawiedliwy rozsądny

justice /ˈdʒʌstɪs; US / noun 1 [uncountable] the fair treatment of people a struggle for justice ▶ sprawiedliwość

do justice to sb/sth; do sb/sth justice to treat sb/sth fairly I don’t like him, but to do him justice, he’s a very clever man. The photograph doesn’t do justice to her incredible beauty. ▶ oddawać komuś sprawiedliwość

ˌJustice of the ˈPeace noun [countable] (abbr. JP /ˌdʒeɪ ˈpi:; US /) a person who judges less serious cases in a court of law in Britain ▶ sędzia pokoju

justifiable /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪəbl; ˌdʒʌstɪˈfaɪəbl; US / adj. that you can accept because there is a good reason for it His action was entirely justifiable. ▶ usprawiedliwiony uzasadniony

justification /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (a) justification (for sth/doing sth) (a) good reason I can’t see any justification for tax rises. ▶ usprawiedliwienie uzasadnienie

justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ verb [transitive] (justifying; justifies; past tense, past participle justified) to give or be a good reason for sth Can you justify your decision? Nothing can justify being unkind to children. ▶ usprawiedliwiać uzasadniać

jut /dʒʌt; US / verb [intransitive] (jutting; jutted) jut (out) (from/into/over sth) to stick out further than the surrounding surface, objects, etc. rocks that jut out into the sea ▶ wystawać sterczeć

juvenile /ˈdʒu: vənaɪl; US -vənl / adj. 1 [only before a noun] (formal) of, for or involving young people who are not yet adults juvenile crime ▶ nieletni młodociany małoletni

ˌjuvenile delinquent noun [countable] a young person who is guilty of committing a crime ▶ młodociany przestępca