the nature of middle earth

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płodzenie z spłodzić, powodowanie jakiegoś zdarzenia
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begetting, beget
to be the father of: to be the cause
In the Bible it says that Adam begat Cain and Abel. Poverty begets hunger, and hunger begets crime.
przed, zanim
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ere
before
I shall be back ere nightfall.
zatrzymanie się na krótko (gdzieś), postój
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sojourn
a short period when a person stays in a particular place: to spend a short period staying in a particular place:
My sojourn in the youth hostel was thankfully short. After a brief sojourn in Holland to study Sanskrit, he moved to India. Winston Churchill and Francois Mitterrand have sojourned at this glorious former monastery.
odmiana, rasa, szczep; nuta (np. cynizmu, zazdrości), skłonność
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strain
a particular type or quality, an animal or plant from a particular group whose characteristics are different in some way from others of the same group
A strain of puritanism runs through all her work. Scientists have discovered a new strain of the virus which is much more dangerous. one of two strains of the elves
Krynica (literacko) źródło, czcionka
font
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fount
the fount of all knowledge, gossip, wisdom, etc... the person or place from which all information on a particular subject comes:i
He's renowned as the fount of all knowledge on the disease.
stożkowy
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conical
a pointed, conical crown
zniszczony, wysłużony (np. kapelusz), posiniaczony
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battered
His battered shoes have holes in them. This battered woman is a victim of domestic violence
trącać nosem
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nuzzle
A fawn is nuzzling the upturned hand of Gandalf
pończocha, skarpeta męska
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stocking
Christmas stocking She wore black stockings.
strużka, strumyk
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rivulet
a very small stream or flow of liquid.
stream, dribble, trickle. Rivulets of sweat/rain/blood ran down his face.
Nawrót, odnowienie, recydywa, nawrócić się (chorobą)
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relapse
to become ill or start behaving badly again, after making an improvement
Relapse into the state of submissive serv. She managed to stop using drugs for a month, but then relapsed. He looked happy for a brief while, before relapsing into silent misery.
pigmej, zero (osoba nic sobą nie reprezentująca w danej dziedzinie), karzeł
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pygmy
A pygmy animal or bird is one of a type that is smaller than animals or birds of that type usually are:
a pygmy hippopotamus a pygmy owl
skarłowaciały, opóźniony w rozwoju
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stunted
prevented from growing or developing to the usual size:
Drought has stunted (the growth of) this year's cereal crop. A few stunted trees were the only vegetation visible. children with stunted growth
chwytny (np. o palcach)
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prehensile
(of parts of the body) able to hold on to things, especially by curling around them:
a prehensile tail
wycieńczać
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emaciate
very thin and weak, usually because of illness or extreme hunger: bony
He looked emaciated, as if he had lost at least fifty pounds. There were pictures of emaciated children on the cover of the magazine.
puszysty / pulchny
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plump
Her plump face flushed with anxiety. Her mother was short and plump, but bubbly. plump tomato
wypukłość, wypukły, wydatny
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protuberance, protuberant
sticking out
He stared at me with blue, slightly protuberant eyes.
głodny jak wilk
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famished
I'm famished, how long are we gonna have to wait?
bladość
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pallor
rękawica ochronna rękawica rycerska
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gauntlet
a long, thick glove (= hand covering), worn for protection
run the gauntlet of criticism
odwłok, klatka piersiowa
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thorax
an abdomen of an insect
shelob's thorax
najlepszy przykład czegoś, apoteoza, szczyt(kariery zawodowej)
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apotheosis
the best or most extreme example of something: the act of making someone into a god
Most people agree that her acting career achieved its apotheosis in this movie. Bad taste in clothes reached its apotheosis in the 1970s. the apotheosis of the Emperor Trajan
szopa, hangar
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shed
a small building, usually made of wood, used for storing things
a bicycle shed. a tool/storage shed
do domu
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homeward
towards home: travelling towards home:
After three hours cycling we decided to turn homeward. We were so happy to be homeward bound at last.
błąkać się, wędrować
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rove
to move or travel around an area, especially a large one
Some vets spend their time roving around in a truck tending to horses and cattle. And now a live report from our roving reporter, Martin Jackson.
zamierzchła przeszłość, onegdaj, ongiś
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yore
of a long time ago:
This was once a Roman road in days of yore.
ukłucie, przypływ (emocji)
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tug
The tug of emotions didn't allow me to speak. He felt a tug of jealousy.
donkiszoteria, żywot błędnego recerza
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errantry
behaving wrongly in some way, especially by leaving home. the quality, condition, or fact of wandering especially: a roving in search of chivalrous adventure.
an errant husband errant children
blady, mizerny (literary)
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wan
(of a person's face) more pale than usual and tired-looking
wan smile
pozostawać (gdzieś), bawić (w jakimś miejscu), zasiadywać się (gdzieś); smolisty
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tarry
to stay somewhere for longer than expected and delay leaving
The boy tarried awhile.
drażliwy opryskliwy
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peevish
a peevish, bad-tempered person. cranky. irritable
a peevish, bad-tempered person
tłum
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host
a large number of something. the holy bread that is eaten at Communion (= a Christian religious ceremony)
There's a whole host of reasons why he didn't get the job to
zabójstwo
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homicide
(an act of) murder
He was convicted of homicide. The number of homicides in the city has risen sharply.
osączyć, nękać
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beset
harass. to set upon: ASSAIL. to hem in: SURROUND
inflation besets the economy. the explorers were beset by wolves. a town beset with high mountains
tradycja ustna, wiedza ludowa
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lore
Vampires are very popular in Slavic folk lore.
niechętny
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loth
unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of thinking: RELUCTANT
She was loath to admit her mistakes.
odraza
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loathing
sense of revulsion, distaste
He felt a great relectance and a loathing of its touch.
krzepki, silny, rosły (o osobie, podpora (osoba stanowiąca wsparcie np. organizacji)
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stalwart
loyal, especially for a long time; able to be trusted: dedicated, devoted
She has been a stalwart supporter of the party for many years.
znienacka, niespodziewanie
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unawares
The enemy were taken unawares.
oprócz
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save
except, saving
All save Mr Biggs were present.
uprzedzać
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forestall
to prevent something from happening by acting first. implies a getting ahead so as to stop or interrupt something in its course
The company executives forestalled criticism by inviting union leaders to meet.
szczyt, wierzchołek (goryy)
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pinnacle
the most successful or admired part of a system or achievement:
By the age of 32 she had reached the pinnacle of her career. apex, peak, the summit. Pinnacle is one of several words that aspire to both literal and figurative heights. Others include summit, peak, climax, apex, acme, and culmination
kuźnia, pięć chutniczy
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forge
A smith works in a forge. The forge is big and hot, be careful.
wbrew sobie
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despite oneself
She smiled at him despite herself.
odstaniec?
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outlier
a person, thing, or fact that is very different from other people, things, or facts, so that it cannot be used to draw general conclusions:
People who live past 100 are genetic outliers, whose longevity is unreachable for most of us.
odtąd, dalej, poniżej (w książce), życie pozagrobowe
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hereafter
starting from this time; in the future: afterlife
elizabeth gaskell's novel "ruth" will hereafter be cited within the text as eg. She had a firm conviction that they would meet again in the hereafter.
ścięgno; podpora, źródło siły; siła i moc, podpora
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sinew
a tendon (= strong piece of tissue in the body connecting a muscle to a bone). a part of a structure or system that provides support and holds it together:
These steel posts form the sinews of the building.
depcząc komuś po piętach
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at/on someone's heels
schadzka
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tryst
a meeting between two people who are having a romantic relationship, especially a secret one
Her trysts with men had been a cold sort of thing.
powstrzymywać, tamować, pochodzić, wynikać
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stem
Move your car, you are stemming the traffic! We have to stem him, he can't do this!
udaremnić
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to foil
to prevent someone or something from being successful: thwart
The prisoners' attempt to escape was foiled at the last minute when police received a tip-off. Our holiday plans were thwarted by the airline pilots' strike
niedościgniony, niezrównany
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surpassing
extremely great
a face of surpassing beauty. a woman of surpassing grace and beauty
w tę i we w tę
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hither and thither
ściągać podatki
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levy
A new tax was levied on consumers of luxury goods. The City Council can levy a fine of $250 for a first offence.
dane szczegółowe, szczegóły
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particulars
details or information about a person or an event:
We’re going to discuss a little bit more about the particulars of the case.
odcisk(zwierzęcia), piętno (przeszłości), odbijać, odciskać, nadruk (firmowy)
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imprint
to mark a surface by pressing something hard into it. to fix an event or experience so firmly in the memory that it cannot be forgotten although you do not try to remember it: an occasion when an object presses on something and leaves a mark
That look of grief would be imprinted on her mind forever. The button had left an imprint on my arm. War has left its imprint on the strained faces of these people... imprints of their feet in the wet sand.
pozbawić, wyzuć
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bereave
to have a close relation or friend who has died:
Everyone who has been bereaved has to find his or her own way of coping. Quite apart from the distress caused to bereaved family and friends, it offends social norms and expectations.
rozpamiętywać (i być zdołowanym)
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brood on
Stop brooding on your divorce and find someone else.
zdarzyć się, przytrafić się
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befall someone
If something bad or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you:
Should any harm befall me on my journey, you may open this letter.
uprzedzać, zapobiegać
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forestall
to prevent something from happening by acting first: pre-empt
The company executives forestalled criticism by inviting union leaders to meet. you can often forestall skidding on the ice simply by driving more slowly
szkic, zapowiedź (przedstawienie w niepełnej postaci, ale z najważniejszymi cechami)
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adumbration
the act of giving the main facts and not the details about something, or something that gives these main facts: intimate
I admit that my adumbration of yesterday's meeting was scant. The "people's budget" of 1909 was an early adumbration of the British welfare state. The project's objectives were adumbrated in the report. the social unrest that adumbrated the Revolution
uprawniony, spełniający warunki
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eligible
having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions:
Are you eligible for early retirement/maternity leave? You might be eligible for a grant. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.
spichlerz (region kraju zapewniający żywność), koszyk na chleb, brzuch, bandioch
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breadbasket
a large farming area that provides other areas with food:
The Eastern Province is the country's bread basket.
porównać
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liken
to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else:
She's been likened to a young Elizabeth Taylor.
falsyfikat, podrabiać
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counterfeit
to forge. made to look like the original of something, usually for dishonest or illegal purposes
counterfeit jewellery/passports/coins. Inspect the tickets carefully for possible counterfeits. We have made it significantly more difficult for them to counterfeit this document.
uparty, twardego serca, zatwardziały
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obdurate
extremely determined to act in a particular way and not to change despite what anyone else says:
The president remains obdurate on immigration.
namawiać kogoś do zrobienia czegoś, czego ta osoba nie chce zrobić; oszukać, sprzedając produkt gorszej jakości
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foist
to force someone to have or experience something unwanted or undesirable: to introduce or insert surreptitiously or without warrant
She charged that junk food is being foisted on children by TV commercials. inferior caviar has been foisted on an unknowing public...
przeczucie, przeczucie
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premonition, foreboding
a feeling that something, especially something unpleasant, is going to happen
He had a premonition that his plane would crash, so he took the train. She had a sudden premonition of what the future might bring.
wewnętrznie
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interiorly
exteriorly. a large car with lots of interior room
świadczenie, dostarczanie; postanowienie, klauzula (w umowie); się; zapasy, prowiant
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provisional
a condition in an agreement
The provision gets here every Monday. He couldn't do that under the provisions of the agreement. Don't forget to bring provision. Do you agree with all of these provisions? Then sign here, please.
szaty, odzienie
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raiment
garment
The creature's ample sleeve, falling back to show another sleeve beneath, suggests judicial raiment.
skrępowany, zażenowany
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ill at ease
ill at ease with one's environment.
niedostosowany; niedostosowanie społeczne
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maladjusted; maladjustment
The study found no evidence of any maladjustment in only children. Certain maladjustments made them- selves known, and were taken note of.

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