Unit 11 How long have you (been)

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začněte se učit

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otázka		odpověď
We use the present perfect to talk about something that začněte se učit		began in the past and still continues now.
Amy is in hospital. začněte se učit		She has been in hospital since Monday. (not ‘Amy is in hospital since Monday’)
We know each other very well. začněte se učit		We have known each other for a long time. (not ‘we know’)
Are you waiting for somebody? začněte se učit		How long have you been waiting?
I have been doing something (present perfect continuous)= ‘I started doing something in the past and I am still doing it (or have just stopped). začněte se učit		I’ve been learning English for a long time (not ‘I am learning’) sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long? It’s been raining since I got up this morning.
The action can be a repeated action: začněte se učit		How long have you been driving? Since I was 17.
The continuous is more usual with how long, since and for začněte se učit		I’ve been learning English for a long time. (not usually’ I’ve learnt’)
You can normally use either the continuous or simple with live and work. začněte se učit		John has been living/has lived in London for a long time. How long have you been working/have you worked here?
But we use the present perfect simple with always začněte se učit		John has always lived in London (not ‘has always been living’)
You can use the continuous or the simple for actions repeated over a long period: začněte se učit		I’ve been collecting/I’ve collected stamps since I was a child.
Use the present perfect simple in negative sentences like these: začněte se učit		I haven’t seen Tom since Monday. (=Monday was the last time I saw him) Jane hasn’t phoned me for two weeks. (the last time she phoned was two weeks ago)

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