advanced grammar and vocabulary 4

to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty

to pose Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone. The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers

to put two or more things into a straight line

ALIGN When you've aligned the notch on the gun with the target, fire! Align the ruler and the middle of the paper and then cut it straight.

komórka macierzysta

stem cell

someone who has done something wrong; a fact or situation that is the reason for something bad happening

CULPRIT Police hope the public will help them to find the culprits. Children in this country are getting much too fat, and sugar and sweets are the main culprits.

to agree to do what people have asked you to do

to ACCEDE to sth He graciously acceded to our request. It is doubtful whether the government will ever accede to the nationalists' demands for independence. accede to the throne/accede to power to become king or queen, or to take a position of power The diaries were written in 1837 when Queen Victoria acceded to the throne.

the return of objects stolen or lost, rekompensata

restitution

sb or something that represents a quality or an idea exactly

embodiment He was the embodiment of the English gentleman. She was portrayed in the papers as the embodiment of evil.

an extremely strong feeling of dislike

HATRED What is very clear in these letters is Clark's passionate hatred of his father. The motive for this shocking attack seems to be racial hatred.

to start a journey; to st off; wyruszać, ruszać

START OUT We're starting out next month. I can't wait! Wyruszamy w przyszłym miesiacu. Nie mogę się doczekać!

besztać kogoś

tick sb off pot.

to give something you were given, to feel or act in a way someone acted towards you; odwzajemniać

RECIPROCATE Her feelings were not reciprocated. Jej uczucia pozostały nieodwzajemnione

to make others rebel; podburzać, podżegać, zachęcać

INCITE The crowds were incited to protest. Tłumy zostały podburzone do protestu.

to do sth such as a piece of writing hurriedly, without effort; nagryzmolić, nabazgrać, odwalić na kolanie

DASH DOWN/ OFF No wonder he's so self-confident if he's getting high marks for whatever he dashes off. Nic dziwnego, że jest taki pewny siebie, skoro dostaje dobre oceny za wszystko, co odwali na kolanie.

to remove the good or bad effects of an action or several actions

UNDO I did a really tough aerobics class and then went out for a meal and undid (all) the good work! It's very difficult to undo the damage that's caused by inadequate parenting in a child's early years.

the part of something that is left after the other parts have gone, been used, or been taken away

REMAINDER I ate most of it and gave the remainder to the dog. It rained the first day but the remainder of the trip was lovely

unfair or cruel treatment over a long period of time because of race, religion, or political beliefs

PERSECUTION They left the country out of fear of persecution. refugees escaping from political persecution

a vertical structure like a thin wall which separates one part of a room or building from another

PARTITION The partitions between the toilets were very thin.

(the use of) a clever trick or something intended to deceive

ARTIFICE Amazingly for Hollywood, she seems almost entirely without artifice.

for the present time but likely to change; temporary

PROVISIONAL a provisional government These dates are only provisional.

to drag someone to a place; zaciągnąć (kogoś dokądś)

HAUL UP They hauled me up to the stinky dwelling. Zaciągnęli mnie do smrodliwego mieszkania.

przestrzelić komuś głowę

blow sb's brain out

to sound, to be heard; rozbrzmiewać, brzmieć, rozchodzic się (o dźwięku)

RESOUND Suddenly, a terrible noise resounded throughout the whole building. Nagle okropny hałas rozszedł się po całym budynku.

able to work or last for a long time; trwały, solidny, mocny

DURABLE The device was made of durable materials. Urządzenie wykonano z trwałych materiałów.

to run quickly with a purpose; popędzić, pognać

DASH AWAY She dashed away in order to catch the bus. Pognała na autobus.