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The' is used with specific nouns representing something one of a kind, abstract or named earlier in the text. We also use ‘the’ with certain kinds of proper nouns and nouns followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with "of". The United States has encouraged the use of the private automobile as opposed to the use of public transit.
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We use 'a' before singular count-nouns that begin with consonants, when we first refer to something in written text. A newspaper has an obligation to seek out and tell the truth.
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We use 'an' before singular count-nouns that begin with vowels or vowel-like sounds. An airedale is sometimes a rather skittish animal.
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We do not use articles with the names of languages, names of sport, and academic subjects. Sometimes, we omit article with seasons, with institutions, with meals, with diseases, with time of day.
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The Present Simple indicates that an action is present, is used to describe actions that are factual or habitual or that the events are schedules. The Super Bowl starts at 6:15 p.m.
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The Past Simple indicates that an action is in the past relative to the speaker or writer. It is used when the time period has finished, when the time period is definite and with “for”, when the action is finished. I worked with the FBI for two months. We went to Chicago last Christmas. We visited Mom last week.
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The Future Simple indicates that an action is in the future relative to the speaker or writer. The future is also formed with the use of a form of "go" plus the infinitive of the verb. English can even use the present to suggest the future tense. She will leave soon. He is going to faint. I am leaving later today.
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The Present Perfect indicates either that an action was completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the past or that the action extends to the present. We use it with adverbs beginning in the past and going up to present. I have walked two miles already [but I'm still walking]. I have run the Boston Marathon [but that was some time ago]. I have studied up to now/lately/already.
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The Past Perfect indicates that an action was completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the past before something else happened. I had walked two miles by lunchtime.
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The Future Perfect indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the future. I will have spent all my money by this time next year.
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The Present Continuous indicates continuing action, something going on now. The present progressive can suggest that an action is going to happen in the future, especially with verbs that convey the idea of a plan or of movement. I am buying all my family's Christmas gifts early this year. The team is arriving in two hours.
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The Past Continuous indicates continuing action, something that was happening at some point in the past. It also indicates a limited duration of time and is thus a convenient way to indicate that something took place while something else was happening. I was riding my bike all day yesterday. Carlos lost his watch while he was running. I was sleeping on the couch when Bertie smashed through the door.
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Present Perfect Continuous začněte se učit
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The Present Perfect Continuous indicates a continuous action that has been finished at some point in the past or that was initiated in the past and continues to happen. It is also used to describe an event of the recent past. She has been running and her heart is still beating fast. It has just been raining.
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The Past Perfect Continuous indicates a continuous action that was completed at some point in the past. I had been working in the garden all morning.
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The Future Continuous indicates continuing action, something that will be happening, going on, at some point in the future. I will be running in next year's Boston Marathon.
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Future Perfect Continuous začněte se učit
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The Future Perfect Continuous indicates a continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future. Next Thursday, I will have been working on this project for three years.
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Is used when what is said in the condition is possible. This condition refers either to present or to future time. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
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Is used when what is said in the condition is possible. This condition refers either to present or to future time. If I were you, I would tell my father.
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Is used in unreal situations, when we are talking about past, or rather about a situation that was not so in the past. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.
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